牛津高中英语-m6u1grammar

连云港市东海县白塔高级中学M6Unit1LaughterisgoodforyourhealthGrammar:Revisionofparticiples•学习目标：Overviewverb-ingandverb-ed•学习重难点：Howtouseverb-ingandverb-edReadthefollowingpassageandfindouttheverb-ingorverb-edformsinthesentences.Thejobofascientististofindoutthetruthinthefieldofscience.Itisachallengingprofession.Scientistsusuallyhavetodothousandsofexperimentsinordertoprovesomething.Althoughtheyareoftendisappointediftheyfail,mostofthemnevergiveup.Mynextdoorneighborisascientist.Hestudiesradiation.HeisalwaysworkingLead-in分层次问题学习Ainhislab,tryingtofigureoutallthemysteriesthatmakehimpuzzled.WhenImethimtheotherday,hehadjustcomebackfromwork,andlookedhappy.Hetoldmehehadhadabreakthrough.Hesoundedsothrilled.ThenInoticedthathewaswearingshoesthatdidnotmatch.Hemusthavebeenworkingtoohardtonotice!Ithinkit’sgoodtodoajobthatyoushowinterestin.Otherwise,youwillgetboredeasily.Thedog________(sleep)comfortablyistakengoodcareofbythehen.Ithinkthepicture__________.(interest)interestingsleepingWhenyoucometotheseasideoftheLianyungang,youwillfindyourself_________bythebeautifulandsplendidsceneryofthesea.(attract)attracted一、构成形式△过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed)△现在分词（否定式not+分词）：被动形式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone一般式完成式主动形式分层次问题学习B二、分词的语法功能1．作定语2．作表语3．作宾语补足语4．作状语三、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别1、作定语时:position单个的分词作定语时一般位于被修饰的词之前，分词短语作定语时位于被修饰的词之后Doyouknowthe（哭着的）boy?Doyouknowtheboy（在树下哭的）?Wearetryingourbesttocatchupwiththe（发达的）country.Thestudentsarediscussingabook(由鲁迅写的).cryingcryingunderthetreedevelopedwrittenbyLuXun作定语时:relationship1.Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.2.Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakesomuchnoise.被动关系主动关系现在分词和过去分词作定语的比较飘雪______________________落叶______________________令人惊讶的消息——————感到吃惊的表情——————-[总结]:v-ing现在分词作定语:_____________________________________v-ed过去分词作定语:___________________________________________fallingsnowfallenleavesthesurprisingnews表示“主动，或正在进行//令人感觉怎么样”表示“被动，或已完成//人自身感觉怎么样”thesurprisedlookPracticemakesperfect!1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.（10全国Ⅰ）A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing2.(2011江苏）Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A．comparedB．comparingC．comparesD．beingcompared3.Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.（09上海）A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected2、作表语时（跟在系动词后）现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人…的”，过去分词表示“感到…”.常见的分词有：amazed/amazing;annoyed/annoying;interested/interesting;pleased/pleasing;surprised/surprising;satisfied/satisfying;amused/amusingLearnthembyheart!Translation:1.有人认为如果一本书是有趣的，它一定会使读者感兴趣的。2.先生们、女士们，请一直做到飞机已完全停下来止。Itisbelievedthatifabookis___________,itwillsurelymakethereader_________.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain____________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.interestinginterestedseated/sitting3、作宾语补足语时:relationship取决于分词与宾语的关系：主动关系，被动关系，例如1.Ifoundthempaintingthewindows.2.Ifoundthewindowspainted.主动关系被动关系（现在分词表（过去分词表）用doing用done主动、进行被动、完成4、作状语时:relationship_____fromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.(see)_______nobodyathome,heleft.(see)被动关系主动关系分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系：用doing被动关系：用doneSeenSeeingAstheharelooksdownuponthetortoise,heliesdownandsleepssoundly.(lookdownupon)Rewritethesentencesusing–ingor-edforms:__________________thetortoise,thehareliesdownandsleepssoundly.(lookdownupon)Lookingdownupon1.(10天津)Whenweapproachedthecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.Approachingthecity,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.2.(04北京)Becausehewastiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.Tiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.COMEON!Note1:现在分词的一般式与完成式：一般式：doing/beingdoing表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。完成式：havingdone/havingbeendone表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序。____________suchheavyloss,thebusinessmandidn’thavethecouragetogoon.(suffer)例如：________thenews,herfansbecamewildwithexcitement.(hear)HearingHavingsufferedRemember:Practicemakesperfect!1.(08全国卷I)Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused2.____theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(09广东)A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedNote2:分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。.有些分词作状语时，其形式的选用不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking一般而言/坦率地说/严格地说judgingfrom/by根据…来判断considering/taking…intoconsideration考虑到…；鉴于…supposing/providing/providedthat如果comparedwith/to与…相比例如①______________hisaccent,heisfromthesouth.②__________yourhealth,you‘dbetterhavearest.Note3:独立成分作状语Judgingfrom/byConsidering非谓语动词解题四大步骤（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）1.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意连词3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意标点符号非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.一般来说：1.作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；2.作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；3.作定语的非谓