英语国家概况-美国部分【清晰完整版】

1Chapter13geography地理位置I.Locationandsize1.ThefullnameoftheUnitedStatesistheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ThecontinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth,MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitssouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.AlaskaandHawaiiarethetwoneweststatesinAmerica.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaandHawaiiliesinthecentralPacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。2.TheU.Shasalandareaof9.3millionsquarekilometers.ItisthefourthlargestcountryintheworldinsizeafterRussia,CanadaandChina.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。3.OfallstatesofAmerican,AlaskaisthelargestinareaandRhodeIslandthesmallest.ButonthemainlandTexasisthelargestsateofthecountry.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。II.Topography1.Mountains(1)ThetwomainmountainrangesinAmericanaretheAppalachianmountainsandtheRockymountains.TheAppalachiansrunslightlyfromthenortheasttosouthwestandtheRockymountainsrunslightlyfromthenorthwesttosoutheast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）2(2)TheAppalachiansarelowerthantheRockiesbecausetheyareolder.TheRockyMountainsareyounger,sotheyarehigher.(3)TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericanContinent,isalsoknownastheContinentalDivide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也叫大陆分水岭。2.RiversandlakesRivers(1)TheMississippiRiveristhelargestriverinAmerican,over6000kilometers.TheMississippihasbeencalledfatherofwaters”orOldManRiver密西西比河是美国最长河流，有被称作“众水之父”或“老人河”。(2)MissouririveristhechiefheadstreamoftheMississippiRiver密苏里河是密西西比河的主要源头。(3)TheOhioRiverhasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.AsinGermany,theareaalongtheriverisrichinvaluabledepositsofhigh-gradecokingcoalandiswellknownforitssteelindustry.Theriverprovidescheapwatertransportationforrawmaterials.俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河，就像德国一样，沿河有丰富的高品千周的焦煤，并且因其钢铁而著名。另外，该河还为原材料提供了廉价的水路运输。(4)OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers:theColoradointhesouthandtheColumbia,whichrisesinCanada.太平洋沿岸有两大河：科罗拉多河及哥伦比亚河。(5)TheRioGrandeRiverformsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的开然界河(6)ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan(theonlyentirelyintheU.S.),LakeHuron,LakeEireandLakeOntario.TheyarelocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖：苏必利尔湖，密歇根湖，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖，其中，苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密歇根湖完全是美国境地内。III.Climate1、Differenttypesofclimateindifferentregion1)Ahumidcontinentalclimate湿润的大陆性气候isfoundinthenorth-easternpartofthecountry.(东北部)2)Inthesouth-easternUnitedStatesyoucanfindahumidsubtropicalclimate.(湿润的亚热带气候东南部）3）thecontinentaldesertclimateoftheGreatPlainsandthecontinentaldesertclimateoftheintermountainregion.湿润的大陆性气候带和湿润的亚热带气候带向美国西部延伸，一直到西经100°的地区。由此再向西，这种气候逐渐被大平原的大陆性草原气候和山区的大陆性沙漠气候所取代。4）ThePacificnorthwestisfavoredwithamaritimeclimate（海洋性气候--太平洋西北岸）35）ThesouthernpartofthePacificcoastinCalifornia（加州太平洋沿岸南部）hasaMediterraneanclimate(地中海式气候）withwarm,drysummersandmoistwinters.2、theinfluencedfactorsoftheclimateintheU.S.ManyfactorsbesideslatitudeinfluencetheclimateintheUnitedStates.PerhapsthemostimportantforcesaretheAtlanticandPacificoceans,theGulfofMexico,andtheGreatLakes.美国的气候除受纬度影响外，影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西洋，墨西哥湾，五大湖。IV．GeographicalRegionsTraditionallyfromtheeasttothewesttheUnitedStatescanbedividedintosevengeographicalregions.美国从东到西可分为七个地理区。1、NewEngland(1)NewEnglandismadeupofsixstatesoftheNortheast.Becauseofitsstonysoilitisnotnotedforitsagriculture.Dairyingisthemostimportantfarmactivity,NewEnglandisalsowell-knownforitspositionineducation,ManyfamousuniversitiesandcollegessuchasYale,Harvard,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)arelocatedhere.新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成，由于土壤多石，不利于农业生产，乳制品业是最重要的农业活动，许多重点大学如耶鲁大学，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此。（2）NewEnglandissometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.ItwasthechiefcentreoftheAmericanWarofIndependenceof1776andwasalsothenation’sfirstindustrialarea.新英格兰有时被称为美国的诞生地。这里是美国1776年独立战争的主要中心，也是美国第一个工业区。（3）NewEnglanderswereoriginallyknowsasYankees,whichcametostandforallAmerican.新英格兰人最初曾被称作“美国佬：这一名称，后来渐渐指所有的美国人。（选择）2、TheMiddleAtlanticstatescontain6states.(1)TheMiddleAtlanticStateshaveaboutonefifthofthetotalpopulationoftheunitedstates.大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的1/5。(2)Thenation’scapitalcityWashingtonD.C.andNewYorkarelocatedhere.首都华盛顿和纽约市都在此地区。3、TheMidwestincludes12states(1)Thesoilisrich,therainusuallyplentifulandthegrowingseasonlong.ThesefactorsmaketheMidwestAmerica’smostimportantagriculturalarea.Itisalsoamajormanufacturingregionandthenation’sleadingcenterofheavyindustry.中西部地区是美国最重要的农业区，也是主要的制造业区各最主要的重工业区。(2)Chicago,thelargestandbusiestportontheGreatLakes,isthelargestindustrialandcommercialcenterofthearea.芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的工商业中心。4(3)Detroitisknownastheautomobilecapitaloftheworld.OmahaisknownastheagriculturalcapitaloftheUnitedStates.底特律被称作“汽车之都，奥马哈被称作农业之都。4、TheAmericanSouthincludes13states.(1)Floridaholdsaspecialattractionforwintervacationers,whereastheGreatSmokyandBlueRidgeMountainsarepopularwithtouristsduringthesummermonths.佛罗里达对冬季度假者有特殊的吸引力，而大雾山和蓝岑山则倍受夏季旅游者的青睐。(2)TheSouthisalsotheheadquartersofalargesegmentoftherocketandmissileindustry.很大一部分火箭和导弹工业也设在这里。5、BeyondthefertileInteriorPlainsliet