10-Research-Paper-4-Discussion-and-Conclusions-(1)

ResearchPaper–Discussion/Conclusion(IV)1.QuestionsforDiscussion1)Whatisthepurposeofthesectionwhichistheheartofthepaper?(1)toanswerthequestionsposedintheIntroduction;(2)tostateyourinterpretationsandopinions;(3)Torelatetheresultstotheotherworks,boththeoretical&experimental;(4)toexplaintheimplicationsofyourfindings——whyyourworkisimportant,howitcontributestotheadvancementofthefield;(5)tomakesuggestionsforfutureresearch.2)Whatcanbethecontentsofthissection?Majorresults,Specialfeatures,Relationswithothers’works,Implications,Problems,Significance,Contributions.2.DiscussionanalysisReadthegivenexampleofpartofadiscussionsectionfromthefieldofcomputerassistedlanguagelearningandteaching.ThestudyinvestigatedtheuseoftheWorld-Wide-WebforteachingwritinginaBritishuniversity.Identifytheinformationelementsyoufindineachsentenceofthesection.(NOTE:Somesentencesmaycontainmorethanoneelement.)Discussionexample1.ThepurposeofthestudywastoinvestigatewhetherStudentsinHigherEducationonanEAPwritingcoursewouldbenefitfromcomputerassistedinstruction.Reiteratetheresearchquestion2.Thefindingsclearlysuggestthattheydo.Generalsummaryoffindings3.ThestudentswhotookpartinthecomputerassistedelementofthewritingcourseoutperformedthosewhofollowedthetraditionalcourseineveryaspectasshownbytheirperformanceontheUniversityofHertfordshireWritingTest.Summaryoffindings—mostimportant4.Theyshowedparticularstrengthsinthetaskachievementelementoftheassessment,suggestingthatthecomputerassistedmaterialsreallyhelpthestudentstounderstandandfocusonthepurposeoftheirwriting.Possibleexplanation5.Italsoseemstobethecasethattheindividuallydirectednatureoftheon-linematerialshelpsthestudentstofocusontheirownspecificneedsaswellasallowingthemtoaccesstheirmaterialsintheirowntime.Anotherpossibleexplanation6.Anotherreasonforthesuccessofthematerialsmaybethatitallowsstudentstospendmoretimeonthecoursethanisnormallythecaseinaclassroombasedprogramme.Possibleexplanation7.ThissupportsandaddstothefindingsofJones&Smith(1997)andHarris(2002),whoshowedsimilarresultsforanon-linegrammarcourse.Comparisonwithotherstudies8.Thisstudyhastakenastepinthedirectionofjustifyingtheinclusionofweb-basedmaterialsinEAPwritingcoursesforpost-graduatesonEnglishlanguagepreparationcourse.Contributions9.Itdidhoweverlookatanarrowrangeofsubjectareas—mainlybusiness,computerscience,engineeringoflife-sciencesandlaw—takenbystudentsfromonlyafewcountries–particularlyChina,Japan,KoreaandThailand.limitation10.Itmaybethecasethatstudentsfromothercountriesintendingtostudydifferentsubjects–forexample,medicineorhumanities–wouldnotbenefitinthesameway.limitation11.Itisalsonotclearwhetheryoungerstudentssuchasstudentspreparingforundergraduateprogrammeswouldsucceedtothesameextent.limitation12.Theapproachoutlinedinthisstudyshouldbereplicatedwithotherstudentsinothersubjectareas,aswellasatotherlevelsinordertobeabletorecommendtheuseofon-linematerialsforallstudentsinallsubjectareas.Suggestionsforimprovements3.ComponentsofaresearchpaperTheTrendsoftheDiscussion——fromthespecifictothegeneral:Yourfindingstoliterature,totheory,topractice.Introduction1.Establishthefield:Thecontextofyourwork;2.Reviewingrelevantpreviousstudies;3.Definingtheniche:Identifyingtheproblem;4.Occupyingtheniche:Thepurposeofthepresentresearch;5.Researchquestions.Discussion&conclusion1.Reiteratepurpose/researchquestion;(4,5)2.Summaryofresults—fromGeneraltoMostimportant;3.Comparisonwithexpectedresultsandotherstudies;(2)4.Broaderimplicationsorcontributions;(1)5.Limitationsoftheoverallstudy;6.Suggestionsoffutureresearch.4.ComponentsofDiscussionI.Reiteratetheresearchproblems&statethemainfindingsBriefresearchproblemsunderInvestigation,Themethodstoinvestigatethem,Thenquickdescriptionofthemajorfindingsofthestudy.Example:“Ourresultsconfirmthatthesenasal(鼻骨）andfull-facemasksaresimilarlyefficientover15minofNPPV（无创通气)withCOPD(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)patientsrecoveringfromacutehypercapnicrespiratoryfailure(高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭).”Youshouldwriteadirect,declarative,andsuccinctproclamationofthestudyresults.Tips:1.ItisacceptabletoprovideintheDiscussionanintroductorysentencethatrestatesthequestionorpurposeofthestudy.Onesentenceisusuallyenough.2.TherestatementatthebeginningoftheDiscussionmustmatchthestatementofpurposeintheIntroduction;3.ItisimportanttoanswerthequestionasitwasaskedintheIntroduction,withthesamewordsandkeyterms.EndoftheIntroductionWethereforeinvestigatedwhetherβ-selectin,vascularlipoprotein-bindingmolecule(VLM),andinterleukin-6γ(IL-6γ)playaroleinthevascularinflammationassociatedwithatheroscleroticdiseaseorarejustmarkersthatreflectvascularinflammation.Usingaherpessimplexvirustype2(HSV2)infectionprotocoltostimulatecontinuousproductioninmice,weinvestigated….BeginningoftheDiscussionInthisstudy,weinvestigatedwhetherβ-selectin,VLM,andIL-6γplayaroleinthevascularinflammationassociatedwithatheroscleroticdiseaseorarejustmarkersthatreflectvascularinflammation.Ourresultsshowthatinmice,IL-6γ(a)appearstoplayaroleinvascularinflammationand(b)increasesthedevelopmentofatheroscleroticlesions.II.ExplaintheMeaningoftheFindingsan