化学工程与工艺专业英语作文2

CurriculumofchemicalengineeringAschemicalengineeringknowledgedeveloped,itwasinsertedintouniversitycoursesandcurricula.BeforeWorldWarⅠ,chemicalengineeringprogramsweredistinguishablefromchemistryprogramsinthattheycontainedcoursesinengineeringdrawing,engineeringthermodynamics,mechanics,andhydraulicstakenfromengineeringdepartments.ShortlyafterWorldWarⅠthefirsttextinunitoperationswaspublished.Coursesinthisareabecamethecoreofchemicalengineeringteaching.Bythemid-1930s,chemicalengineeringprogramsincludedcoursesin(1)stoichiometry(usingmaterialandenergyconservationideastoanalyzechemicalprocesssteps),(2)chemicalprocessesor“unitoperations”,(3)chemicalengineeringlaboratories“inwhichequipmentwasoperatedandtested”,and(4)chemicalplantdesign(inwhichcostfactorswerecombinedwithtechnicalelementstoarriveatpreliminaryplantdesigns).Thestudentwasstillaskedtotakethecorechemistrycourses,includinggeneral,analytical,organic,andphysicalchemistry.However,inaddition,heorshetookcoursesinmechanicaldrawing,engineeringmechanics,electriccircuits,metallurgy,andthermo-dynamicswithotherengineers.SinceWorldWarⅡchemicalengineeringhasdeveloprapidly.Asnewdisciplineshaveprovenuseful,theyhavebeenaddedtothecurriculum.Chemicalengineeringthermodynamicsbecamegenerallyformulatedandtaughtbyabout1945.By1950,coursesinappliedchemicalkineticsandchemicalreactordesignappeared.Processcontrolappearedasanundergraduatecourseinabout1955,anddigitalcomputerusebegantodevelopabout1960.Theideathatthevariousunitoperationsdependedoncommonmechanismsofheat,mass,andmomentumtransferdevelopedabout1960.Consequently,coursesintransportphenomenaassumedanimportantpositionasanunderlying,unifyingbasisforchemicalengineeringeducation.Newgeneraldisciplinesthathaveemergedinthelasttwodecadesincludeenvironmentalandsafetyengineering,biotechnology,andelectronicsmanufacturingprocessing.Therehasbeenanenormousamountofdevelopmentinallfields,muchofitarisingoutofmorepowerfulcomputingandappliedmathematicscapabilities.1.ScienceandMathematicsCoursesChemistryChemicalengineerscontinuetoneedbackgroundinorganic,inorganicandphysicalchemistry,butalsoshouldintroducedtotheprinciplesofinstrumentalanalysisandbiochemistry.·Valuableconceptualmaterialshouldbestronglyemphasizedinorganicchemistryincludingthatassociatedwithbiochemicalprocess.·Muchofthermodynamicismoreefficientlytaughtinchemicalengineering,andphysicalchemistryshouldincludethefoundationsofthermodynamic.Physics.Biology.·Biologyhasemergedfromtheclassificationstage,andmodernmolecularbiologyholdsgreatpromiseforapplication.Futuregraduateswillbecomeinvolvedwithapplyingthisknowledgeatsometimeintheircareers.·Aspecialcourseisrequiredonthefunctionsandcharacteristicsoflivingcellswithsomeemphasisongeneticengineeringaspracticedwithmicroorganisms.MaterialsScience.·Courseworkshouldincludetheeffectsofmicrostructureonphysical,chemical,optical,magneticandelectronicpropertiesofsolids.·Fieldsofstudyshouldencompassceramics,polymers,semiconductors,metals,andcomposites.Mathematics.ComputerInstruction.·Althoughstudentsshoulddevelopreasonableproficiencyinprogramming,themainthrustshouldbethatuseofstandardsoftwareincludingthemergingofvariousprogramstoaccomplishagiventask.Majoremphasisshouldbeonhowtoanalyzeandsolveproblemswithexistingsoftwareincludingthatforsimulationtoevaluateandchecksuchsoftwarewiththoroughnessandprecision.·Studentsshouldlearnhowtocriticallyevaluateprogramswrittenbyothers.·Allcoursesinvolvingcalculationsshouldmakeextensiveuseofthecomputerandthelatestsoftware.Suchactivityshouldbemorefrequentasstudentsprogressinthecurriculum.Adequatecomputerhardwareandsoftwaremustbefreelyavailabletothestudentthroughsuperiorcentralizedfacilitiesand/orindividualPC’s.Developmentofprofessionallywrittensoftwareforchemicalengineeringshouldbeencouraged.2.ChemicalengineeringcoursesThermodynamics.·Theimportantconceptsofthecoursesshouldbeemphasized;softwareshouldedevelopedtoimplementtheconceptsintreatingawidevarietyofcomplex,yetinteresting,problemsinareasonabletime.Thevalueofanalysisofunitsanddimensionsincheckingproblemsshouldcontinuetobeemphasized.·Examplesinthermodynamicsshouldinvolveproblemsfromavarietyofindustriessothatthesubjectcomesaliveanditspowerindecisionmakingisclearlyemphasized.Kinetics,Catalysis,andReactorDesignandAnalysis.·Thiscoursealsoneedsabroadvarietyofrealproblems,notonlydesignbutalsodiagnosticandeconomicproblems.Realproblemsinvolverealcompoundsandthechemistryrelatedtothem.·Existingsoftwareforalgebraicanddifferentialequationsolvingmakesimulationanddesigncalculationonmanyreactorsystemsquitestraightforward.·Shortcutestimatingmethodsshouldbeemphasizedinadditiontocomputercalculations.·Theincreasedproductionofspecialtiesmakebatchadsemibatchreactormoreimportant,andscale-upoflaboratorystudiesisanimportanttechniqueinthefast-movingspecialtiesbusiness.3.UnitOperationsTheunitoperationswereconceivedasanorganizedmeansfordiscussingthemanykindofequipment-orientedphysicalprocessesrequiredintheprocessindustries.Thisapproachcontinuestobevalid.Overtheyearssomeportionshavebeegivenseparatestatu