HND国际实物配送

1、..1TransportationmodesModeTotalmodecostCostperpalletTransittimeAdvantagesDisadvantagesSea62024.87daysCheapandlargecapacitySlowandhighrisksAir12652534hoursFastandsecureExpensiveandfinitecapacityRail1275512daysFastandlargecapacityLessflexibleandneedrailroadDirectroad135067.53daysBetterforshippedandconvenientSmallcapacityandexpensiveMulti-mode118547.47days18hoursReducehandingofcargoandquickertransittimesCostofinvestmentishighTakeseaasanexample,becausetheshippingrequires25palletsandthetotalcostis62。

2、0,thecostperpalletis620/25=24.8.Inthesimilarway,otherresultalsocanbecalculated,excepttheMulti-mode.TheMulti-mode’costis1185including125,620,295,and145,thusthecostperpalletis1185/25=47.4.Airtransportationisoptimumchoice.Airtransportationcanusetheleasttimetoconveygoodsduetofasterspeed.Besides,italsoensuresthesecuritytoalargeextentrelatively.However,italsohassomedisadvantages.Airtransportationhasexpensivecost,andairportisdistantfrommunicipalcenter.Seatransportationalsocanbechosen.Thoughitistheslowe。

3、stmethodandvulnerabletobadweatherinocean,itisthelowestexpensesof..freightandcarriesthelargestquantities.AngusGlenalsocanselectrail.Railhasalargecapacityandislessrefrainedbybadweather.Railhasthesedisadvantages,itisnotmuchflexibleandcannotworkwithoutrailroad.2ConsignmentdeliverytermFCAFreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)Atradetermrequiringthesellertodelivergoodsnamedairport,terminal,orotherplacewherecarrieroperates.Costlosstransferbuyerandriskoflosstransfertothebuyerafterdelivertothecarriers.Theselle。

4、rfulfilshisobligationdeliverwhenhehashandedgoodsover,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamednamedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Whenusedtradeterms,word“free”meanssellerhasanobediencetodelivergoodsnamedplacefortransfertocarrier(store.iccwbo.org,2016).FOBFreeOnBoard(namedportofshipment)atermininternationalcommerciallawspecifyingatwhatpointthesellertransfersownershipofthegoodstothebuyer.UndertheIncoterms2010standardpublishedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce,FOBisonlyusedinnon-containerizedseaf。

5、reight,andalsodefinesownershiptransfer.Theownerofthegoodsisresponsiblefordamageorlossduringtransport,sothepointofownershiptransferisimportant(store.iccwbo.org,2016).CIFCost,Insurance&Freight(namedportofdestination)ThistermisbroadlysimilartotheaboveCFRterm,withtheexceptionthatthesellerisrequiredtoobtaininsuranceforthegoodswhileintransittothenamedportofdestination.CIFrequiresthesellertoinsurethegoodsfor110%oftheirvalueunderatleasttheminimu)mcoveroftheInstituteCargoClausesoftheInstituteofLondonUnde。

6、rwriters,oranysimilarsetofclauses.Thepolicyshouldbeinthesamecurrencyasthecontract.CIFcanbeusedbyanytransportbyseaandairnotlimitedtocontainerizedornon-containerizedcargoandincludesallchargesuptotheport/terminalofentrance.CIPcovers..additionalchargesattheport/terminalofentrance(store.iccwbo.org,2016).CPTCarriagePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)Thesellerpaysforthecarriageofthegoodsuptothenamedplaceofdestination.However,thegoodsareconsideredtobedeliveredwhenthegoodshavebeenhandedovertothefirstormainca。

7、rrier,sothattherisktransferstobuyeruponhandinggoodsovertothatcarrierattheplaceofshipmentinthecountryofExport.Thesellerisresponsiblefororigincostsincludingexportclearanceandfreightcostsforcarriagetothenamedplaceofdestination.Ifthebuyerrequiresthesellertoobtaininsurance,theIncotermCIPshouldbeconsideredinstead(store.iccwbo.org,2016).CIPCarriageandInsurancePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)CIPrequiresthesellertoinsurethegoodsfor110%ofthecontractvalueunderatleasttheminimumcoveroftheInstituteCargoClauses。

8、oftheInstituteofLondonUnderwritersoranysimilarsetofclauses.Thepolicyshouldbeinthesamecurrencyasthecontract,andshouldallowthebuyer,theseller,andanyoneelsewithaninsurableinterestinthegoodstobeabletomakeaclaim.CIPcanbeusedforallmodesoftransport,whereastheIncotermCIFshouldonlybeusedfornon-containerisedseafreight(store.iccwbo.org,2016).DATDeliveredAtTerminal(namedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)ThisIncotermrequiresthatthesellerdeliversthegoods,unloaded,atthenamedterminal.Thesellercoversallthecosts。

9、oftransport(exportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges)andassumesallriskuntilarrivalatthedestinationportorterminal.TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange,butmustbeafacilitywiththecapabilitytoreceivetheshipment.Allchargesafterunloadingaretobebornebybuyer.However,itisimportanttonotethatanydelayordemurragechargesattheterminalwillgenerallybefortheseller's..account(store.iccwbo.org,2016).DAPDeliveredAtPlace(namedplaceofdestination)UnderDAP。

10、terms,theriskpassesfromsellertobuyerfromthepointofdestinationmentionedinthecontractofdelivery.Oncegoodsarereadyforshipment,thenecessarypackingiscarriedoutbythesellerathisowncost,sothatthegoodsreachtheirfinaldestinationsafely.Allnecessarylegalformalitiesintheexportingcountryarecompletedbythesellerathisowncostandrisktoclearthegoodsforexport(store.iccwbo.org,2016).DDPDeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)Sellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcost。