从中西方创世神话相似处分析其背后不同的价值观

AContrastStudyonDifferentValuesBehindtheSimilaritiesBetweenGenesisinBibleandAncientChineseGenesisMythologies【Abstract】ThispaperconductsacontraststudyongenesisstoriesinBibleandinancientChinesemythologies,analysestheprimaryculturalcauseswhichaccountfortheirsimilarities,andanalysesthevalueatthebackofthosesimilaritiesthen.GenesisstoriesinBibleandinancientChinesemythologiessharemanythingsincommon,includingtheirdescriptionsaboutworldcreationprocesses,themagicpowerofthecreators,man’sbeingmadeofdust,andthementioningoffloods.Thesesimilarities,accordingtotheauthor,areduetosimilaritiesinearlypeople’slife,livingconditionsandtheirthinking.Besides,becauseofthedifferentvaluesbetweenChineseandWesternnations,thoughtheirgenesismythologieshavestrikingsimilarity,theyrevealdifferently.AstheholyScriptofChristianity,Biblestorieshavebeenkeptforthepurposeofmoralteachingandisimbuedwithmagicandmysteriouselements,onthecontrary,Chinesemythologies,originallywrittendownbyancientChinesepoets,philosophersandhistoriansfortheirownsake,arefresh,interestingandfullofvitality.【KeyWords】AncientChinesemythologies;Bible;genesis;value1.IntroductionHumancivilizationhasalonghistory,soithasproducedcountlessexcellentliterature,includingthosememorablemythologystorieswhichisaimportantpartofnationalheritage.Mythologystoryisthebeginningofliteratureforeachnation,italsohasgreatandlong-termeffectontheliterarycreationoflaterperiod.Asforthebeginningofworldandtheoriginofhumanbeing,differentnationshavedifferentmythologystories.MaarinationsinNewZealandhasastoryabout“Darkness——chaos,sensation,thought,movement,heavenandearth”;Hinduismhasastorythattellstheearthlaysonthewater,waterlaysonwind,andwindlayinthespacepeacefully;Finnishtellsalegendof“ChastevirginJiriMadarcreatedwater,theearthandtheheaven,thesun,themoonandthestars.InWestern,GenesisinBibleofOldTestamentisthemostinfluencingandthemostintegratedgenesismythology.Fromtheviewoftheworld'sculturalhistory,thereisnosuchabooklikeBiblehasthiskindofstrongimpactoverathousandyears.Untiltoday,thestoriesingenesisarestillwidelyknownbywesternfamilies,suchasGodcreatedtheworldandhumans,EveeattheforbiddenfruitoftheGardenofEden.,thefloodandNoah'sark.Chinaisoneofthefourancientcivilizations.Italsohasalotofbeautifulancientmyths,andthegenesismythologiesincludingPanGuepoch,hehandthatmends,andetc.“Itistoberegrettedthatafteraloss,thereisjustsomebitsandpiecesleftintheancientbookswithoutanyorderliness.”(YuanKe1960：16）。Evenso,wecanstillgodeepintoitsbeautyaccordingtothesefragments.Mythologiesderivedfromthechildhoodofhumanbeing,whichreflecttheprimitiveconsciousnessofhumansocietyandakindofunscientificandimaginaryprocessofnaturalphenomena.Thus,therearesimilaritiesamonggenesismythsofdifferentnations.ThispapercomparativestudiesthesimilaritiesbetweenGenesisinBibleandChinesegenesismythologiesfromtheirdescriptionofthebeginningofworldandtheoriginofhumanbeing.2.ThesimilaritiesandtheirdifferentvaluesInGenesis,itsystemicallyandcompletelydescribeshowGodcreatedtheworld,allthingsandhumanfromitsfristperiodtothirtyfirstperiodinchapterone.“InthebeginningGodcreatedtheheavensandtheearth.Nowtheearthwasformlessandempty,darknesswasoverthesurfaceofthedeep.AndtheSpiritofGodmoveduponthefaceofwaters”(TheHolybibleGenesis1:1).Then,Godfinishedhis“genesis”workonebyone.Firstday,hecreatedlight.“AndGodsaid,Lettherebelight:andtherewaslight.Godsawthatthelightwasgood,andheseparatedthelightfromthedarkness.GodcalledthelightDay,andthedarknesshecalledNight.Andtheeveningandthemorningwerethefirstday.”AndheletafirmamentHeavendividedthewaterfromwatersecondday,createddrylandEarthandtheSeasthirdday,gavelightupontheearthandsetsunandmoonintheheavenforthday,createdlivingcreaturesfifthdayandonsixthday,hecreateddifferentcattle,creepingthingandbeast,andthenmademandominionthesecreatures.Thus,Godfinishedhiscreationworksinsixday.（ZhangJiuxuan1981：6）InChina,AnnalsoftheFive-phaseCyclesrecordedthegenesismythology:首生盘古,垂死化身;气成风云,声为雷霆,左眼为日,右眼为月,四肢五体为四极五岳,血液为江河,筋脉为地里,肌肉为田土,发髭为星辰,皮毛为草木,齿骨为金石,精髓为珠玉，他汗流为雨泽。AndthereisahumancreationmythologyinTaiPingYuLan:欲说开天辟地，未有人民，女娲博黄土做人，剧务，力不暇供，乃引垣与泥土中，举以为人。Accordingtothosequotations,wecaneasilyfindsomesimilaritiesbetweenGenesisandChinesegenesisstories.2.1SupercreatorsInbothBibleandChinesemyths,theyallhavesupercreators.GodinBibleistheonlycreatorwhocanmakeeverythinghewant,andhecreatedallthethingsinsixdays.ButChinesesupercreatorsaremorethanone.PanGuwastoostrongtoseparateheavenandearth,andNvWacouldmakemanbyloess.Creatorsarethecoreimageandthey’reallpowerful,buttheirartisticimagesaredifferent.Godcreatedtheworldbysaying,butPanGuandNvWahadtheirmissionstofinish.Besides,thereisnoancientheroinGenesiswhileChinesegenesisstorieshaveYan,Huang,Yao,Shun.ThisimageshowsthedifferentnationalspiritsbetweenChinaandWestern.PanGuandNvWa’sspiritofself-sacrifice,andNvWawasdescribedasmotherofhuman,thesetwoaspectsnotshowouruniquenationalspiritbutalsoreflectourethicalspirit.However,whenBibleputGodtotheonlytransnaturalposition,theirabsoluteworshiptoGodhasrevealed.2.2ThecreationofhumankindbyearthInboth