杭州师范大学综合英语2014—2020年考研真题

杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸2020年考试科目代码718考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共5页，第1页）杭州师范大学2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：718考试科目名称：综合英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。I.Cloze（每小题1分，共50分）Fillineachoftheblankswithafunctionword,otherwisethefirstletterisgivenasaclue.PassageOne:Instinctorcleverness?Wehavebeenbroughtuptofearinsects.Weregardthemasunnecessarycreaturesthatdomoreharmthangood.Wecontinuallywagewar(1)______them,fortheycontaminateourfood,carrydiseases,ordevourourcrops.Theystingorbitewithoutprovocation;theyflyuninvitedintoourroomsonsummernights,orbeatagainstourlightedwindows.Weliveindreadnotonlyofunpleasantinsectslikespidersorwasps,butofquiteharmlessoneslikemoths.Readingaboutthemincreasesourunderstandingwithoutdispellingourfears.Knowingthattheindustriousantlivesinahighlyorganizedsocietydoesnothingtopreventus(2)______beingfilledwithrevulsionwhenwefindhordesofthemcrawlingoveracarefullypreparedpicniclunch.Nomatterhowmuchwelikehoney,orhowmuchwehavereadabouttheuncannysenseofdirectionwhichbeespossess,wehaveahorrorofbeing(3)s______.Mostofourfearsareunreasonable,buttheyareimpossibletoerase.Atthesametime,however,insectsarestrangelyfascinating.Weenjoyreadingaboutthem,especiallywhenwefindthat,liketheprayingmantis,theyleadperfectlyhorriblelives.Weenjoystaring(4)______them,entrancedastheygoabouttheirbusiness,unaware(wehope)(5)______ourpresence.Whohasnotstoodinawe(6)______thesightofaspiderpouncing(7)______afly,oracolumnofantstriumphantlybearinghomeanenormousdeadbeetle?LastsummerIspentdaysinthegardenwatchingthousandsofantscrawlingupthetrunkofmyprizepeachtree.Thetreehasgrownagainstawarmwallonashelteredsideofthehouse.Iamespeciallyproud(8)______it,notonlybecauseithassurvivedseveralseverewinters,butbecauseitoccasionallyproduceslusciouspeaches.Duringthesummer,Inoticedthattheleavesofthetreewerebeginningtowither.Clustersoftinyinsectscalledaphidesweretobefoundontheundersideoftheleaves.Theywerevisitedbyalargecolonyofantswhichobtainedasortofhoney(9)______them.Iimmediatelyembarkedonanexperimentwhich,杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸2020年考试科目代码718考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共5页，第2页）eventhoughitfailedtogetridoftheants,keptmefascinated(10)______twenty-fourhours.Iboundthebaseofthetreewithstickytape,making(11)______impossiblefortheantstoreachtheaphides.Thetapewassosticky(12)______theydidnotdaretocrossit.Foralongtime,Iwatchedthemscurryingaroundthebaseofthetree(13)______bewilderment.Ievenwentoutatmidnightwithatorchandnoted(14)______satisfaction(andsurprise)thattheantswerestillswarmingaroundthestickytape(15)______beingabletodoanythingaboutit.Igotupearlynextmorninghopingtofind(16)______theantshadgivenupindespair.Instead,Isawthattheyhaddiscoveredanew(17)r______.Theywereclimbing(18)______thewallofthehouseandthenontotheleavesofthetree.IrealizedsadlythatIhadbeencompletely(19)d______bytheiringenuity.Theantshadbeenquicktofindan(20)a______tomythoroughlyunscientificmethods!PassageTwo:CosmicDustWeknowtheuniversedoesn’trevolvearoundus.Butpartsofitdo,likehouseholddust.Thiscontinuouslyreproducingfilthiscomprised(1)_____skincells,hair,clothingfibres,dirtfromoutside,dustmites,bacteriaandchemicalsthatcanstick(2)_____anyoftheseitems.Asachild,oneofmyweeklychoreswasdustingthehouse.Ifyouhadtold12-year-oldmethat,at37,IwouldfinddustingoneofthemostcomfortingthingsIdoathome,Iwouldhavebeenveryconcernedaboutexactlyhowawfuladulthoodis.ButperhapsImighthaveworriedlessifIhadalsobeentold(3)_____withadulthoodwouldcomeknowledgeofcosmicdust,whichisallovertheuniverseandabsolutelydoesnotrevolvearoundus.Spacedustispartofafascinatinglifecycleofstructureformationintheuniverse:theemergenceofstarsandplanets,aswellastheirdeaths.Intheveryearlyuniverse,gravitycausedhydrogenandheliumgastocollapseintoobjectsthatoftenbecamedenselypackedenoughignitenuclearhydrogenburningwhichleads(4)_____starformation.Thenuclearchainreactionsthatoccurinstarsproduceelementsheavier(5)_____hydrogenandhelium,likecarbon,nitrogenandoxygen.Evenheavierelements,likeneonandtitanium,aremadeinthesupernovaexplosionsthatcanoccurattheend(6)_____astar’slife.Theseexplosionsblowstardustmadeoftheseelements–mostcommonlysiliconandcarbon–outintotheuniverse.Someofitleadstosolarsystemformation,producingtheextrasolarplanetsweareincreasinglycapableofobserving.Inthecase(7)_____ourlocalstar,thesun,thatsolarsystemsproutedlifeonthethird-innermostplanet,Earth.Someofthedusthelpsformthenext-generationstarsthatburnalittledifferentlythantheirforebearsbecausesomeoftheelementstheycontainareheavier.Onethingcosmicdustdoeshaveincommon(8)_____householddustisthatitcanbeannoying.Anongoingissueinastronomyobservationsisfiguringouthowtolearnaboutobjects–fromplanetstostars–thatareobscured(9)_____cosmicdustinwhatwecallourlineofsight,thepathoflighttravellingfromthat杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸2020年考试科目代码718考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共5页，第3页）object(10)_____ourtelescope.Lightpassingthroughcosmicdustinteractswithitsparticles.Thedustwillsometimesabsorbandscatterthelight,dimmingtheobject’sbrightness,althoughthiscanalsooffervaluableinsight(11)_____thesizeofthedustparticles.Likehouseholddust,cosmicdustcanlead(12)_____misinterpretationsofwhatwea