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作业讲评:Onemorning,inthefallof1880,amiddle-agedwoman,accompaniedbyayounggirlofeighteen,presentedherselfattheclerk’sdeskoftheprincipalhotelinColumbus,Ohio,andmadeinquiryastowhethertherewasanythingabouttheplacethatshecoulddo.Shewasofhelpless,fleshybuild,withafrank,opencountenanceandaninnocent,diffidentmanner.Hereyeswerelargeandpatient,andinthemdweltsuchashadowofdistressasonlythosewhohavelookedsympatheticallyintothecountenancesofthedistraughtandhelplesspoorknowanythingabout.Anyonecouldseewherethedaughterbehindhergotthetimidityandshamefacednesswhichnowcausedhertostandbackandlookindifferentlyaway.Shewasaproductofthefancy,thefeeling,theinnateaffectionoftheuntutoredbutpoeticmindofhermothercombinedwiththegravityandpoisewhichwerecharacteristicofherfather.Povertywasdrivingthem.Togethertheypresentedsoappealinglyapictureofhonestnecessitythateventheclerkwasaffected.1880年秋天的一个早晨,有一个中年妇人,带着一个18岁的青年女子,走进俄亥俄州科伦坡市的大旅馆里,到帐房的写字台面前,问他旅馆里有没有她能做的活。那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛,里边隐藏着无穷的心事,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。跟在她后面的是她的女儿,一种畏惧和羞怯使她躲缩在后边,眼睛不敢对面前正视,这种神情是谁都看得出她从哪儿得来的。原来她的母亲虽然没有受过教育,却有一种含有诗意的心情,具备着幻想、感情和天生的仁厚;她父亲呢,又特具一种沉着和稳重的性格,两者结合起来就造成她这样一个人了。如今贫穷正在逼迫她们。当时她母女俩那种穷困窘迫的情景是很动人的,连那帐房也受感动了。(傅东华译:《珍妮姑娘》)1880年秋天的一个上午,有一个中年妇女,带着一个18岁的年轻姑娘,走进俄亥俄州科伦布市的大旅馆里,找到前台店员,询问旅馆里有没有适合她干的活。那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛,里边隐藏着困苦带来的忧郁,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。跟在她后面的是她的女儿,一种畏惧和羞怯使她躲缩在后边,眼睛不敢对面前正视,这种神情是谁都看得出她从哪儿得来的。原来她的母亲虽然没有受过教育,却有一种含有诗意的心情,具备着幻想、感情和天生的仁厚;她父亲呢,又特具一种沉着和稳重的性格,两者结合起来就造成她这样一个人了。她们到旅馆来找活干,实在是迫于生计的无奈之举。母女俩那副摸样显得很可怜,让人觉得她们所处的困境是实实在在的,连那店员也为之所动。shadow:usedinreferencetoproximity,ominousoppressiveness,orsadnessandgloom;阴影,比喻某种临近、不祥的压抑感,悲伤、忧郁等情绪drive:(ofafact/feeling)compelsomeonetoactinaparticularway,esp.onethatisconsideredundesirableorinappropriate;distress:sufferingcausedbylackofmoneyorthebasicnecessitiesoflife;distraught:(a),veryworriedandupset;Themissingchild'sdistraughtparentsmadeanemotionalappealforinformationonTV.appealing:(a),(1)attractiveandinteresting;(2)(expressionortoneofvoice)showingthatonewantshelporsympathyhubbub,noun[U]1aloudnoise,especiallycausedbyalotofpeoplealltalkingatthesametime:Icouldhardlyhearmyselfspeakaboveallthehubbubinthetheatrebar.2generalexcitementandactivity:Oncethehubbuboftheelectionhaddieddown,itwasbacktonormalforthePresident.asitweresometimessaidafterafigurativeorunusualexpression:Ifhestillrefuseswecouldalwaysapplyalittlepressure,asitwere.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.他可以说是一部活字典。Heis,asitwere,aneternalboy.他好像是个永远年轻的小伙子。在某种程度上Hebecame,asitwere,amanwithoutacountry.他在某种程度上成了一个无国籍的人。Withthiscustomer,hefelthimself,asitwere,castingpearlsbeforeswine.面对这个客商,他感到好像是在对牛弹琴。Annatranslatedit,asitwere,intoMarion'snormalvoice.安娜把这问话还原成玛丽恩的清醒的语调。Hegetsthesolidshape,asitwere,insidehishead.可以这样说,他把立体的形体放在头脑里。bout,noun[C]abriefperiodofillnessorinvolvementinanactivity:ShehadaboutoffluoverChristmas.Hesufferedfromperiodicboutsofinsanity.adrinkingbout(=briefperiodofdrinkingalotofalcohol)slumber,noun[CorU]LITERARYsleep:Ifellintoagentleslumber.Ididn'twanttorouseyoufromyourslumbers.FIGURATIVESharpcutsininterestrateshavefailedtobringtheeconomyoutofitsslumber.slumber,verb[I]LITERARYtosleepassail,verbFORMAL1[T]toattacksomeoneviolentlyorcriticizesomeonestrongly:Thevictimhadbeenassailedwithrepeatedblowstotheheadandbody.Hewasassailedwithinsultsandabuseasheleftthecourt.2[Toftenpassive]tocausesomeonetoexperiencealotofunpleasantthings:tobeassailedbydoubts/fears/problems词义的理解王宗炎(1988,23)先生曾精辟地指出:“辨义是翻译之本。”英语词汇量大,词义丰富、多变,翻译中词义理解出现错误是常有的事。“参译”中不少误译、错译源自原文词义理解偏差,其中有的是望文生义,有的是译者没有细究,凭想当然,有的是认错了“假朋友”。例如:(1)Surelywemustacknowledgeanewresponsibilitytousethatpowerwiselyandwithappropriaterestraint.(lesson3,p36)我们必须承担一种新的责任,明智地使用那种权利,并加以克制。(第三课,p45)(2)TheNaziRegimeisindistinguishablefromtheworstfeaturesofCommunism.(lesson5,p79)纳粹体制与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。(第五课,p99)(3)“Nowthen,”hesaid,“youtwowasinthehit-’n-run.”(Lesson6,p93)“现在呢,”他说道,“你们与开车肇事后逃逸有关。”(第六课,p120)Nowthen在此为语气助词,用以唤起对方注意,而不是副词。改译:“喂,”他说,“那起交通肇事逃逸案是你们俩干的吧?”(4)“Anyhow,whatIfoundmademedosomescouting----acrossatpoliceheadquarterswheretheyknowmetoo.”(Lesson6,p96)“不管怎样,我的发现让我进行了一番侦察――对面的警察局,都知道我的侦察能力。”(第六课,p122)across用作副词,表示(相隔)一定的距离,不一定是“对面”。该句的最后部分更是错得离谱。改译:我的发现让我去警察局做了一番调查,那里的人我也熟。(5)“Iguessyou’dhavetotakethatchance.”(Lesson6,p98)“我想你们得碰运气了。”(第六课,p123)(6)Undoubtedlywhatthisoafishdetectivesaidwastrue:(Lesson6,p100)毫无疑问,这个胖得畸形的探长的话不假:(第六课,p124)oafish是由oaf(笨蛋、白痴)加形容词后缀-ish派生而来,是“呆头呆脑”的意思,不是“胖得畸形的”。(7)Youpeoplearehot.(Lesson6,p99)你们都成新闻焦点了。(第六课,p124)hot为多义词,此处应取wantedbythepolice(被警方通缉)之义,“参译”取的是(ofnews)freshandrecent,andtherefor,ofgreatimportance,与上下文不符。(8)Theirspeechandmannerwouldbetraythem,makingthemconspicuous.(Lesson6,p101)他们的言谈举止会把他们暴露无遗,从而引起他人的怀疑。(第六课,p125)(9)Agaybutinconsequententertainment.(Lesson14,p266)一部开心热闹但不合逻辑的娱乐片。(第十四课,p316)inconsequent既有illogical也有irrelevant之义,但前者在上下文里显然“不合逻辑”。改译:挺逗乐的喜剧片,但没多大意思。习语(固定搭配)的理解英语中的固定搭配(又称习语)是广大英语学习者倍感头痛的问题。这些短语不但数量多,应用广,形式灵活多变,而且意义上往往又与其字面意义相去甚远,稍不留神就会掉入陷阱。翻译时最忌望文生义,下面两例恰恰如此:(10)“It’snogo,oldgirl,I’mafraid.”(Lesson6,p94)“没有用的,老婆子。我担心
本文标题:翻译理论与实践(31)
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