William-Shakespeare-威廉.莎士比亚

WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚-----ThepeakofHumanismMainContents❀Thelifeofshakespeare❀Literaryposition❀LiterarycareerandproductionsThelifeofShakespeareThelifeofShakespeare❀ShakespearewasborninBritaininApril23,1564centralWarwickCountyalongtheEvanRiverinStratford,awealthyfamilies.莎士比亚于1564年4月23日生于英国中部瓦维克郡埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一位富裕的市民家庭。ThelifeofShakespeare❀TheAvonRiver埃文河,nearStratford-upon-Avon.ThelifeofShakespeare❀Attheageof7Shakespearewassenttothelocalgrammarschoolwhichheattendedforsixyears.BesidesreadingandwritinghewastaughtLatinandGreek.ThelifeofShakespeare•❀In1577hewastakenfromtheschoolandforsometimehadtohelphisfatherinthetradebecausehisfather'sfinancialsituationdeclined.ThelifeofShakespeare•Attheageof18,hemarriedafarmer'sdaughterAnneHathawaywhowaseightyearsoldthanhimandborehimthreechildren:Susanna,andtwinshamnetandJudithThelifeofShakespeare•Intheyear1586or1587,ShakespeareleavedhomeforLondontomakealiving(attheageof22)andjoinedatheatrecompany.ThelifeofShakespeare•Between1586and1592,hebeganasuccessfulcareerinLondonasanactor,writer,andpartownerofaplayingcompanycalledtheTheLordChamberlaine'sCompany(宫内大臣剧团）,laterknownastheKing'sMen（国王供奉剧团）.ThelifeofShakespeare•In1597(attheageof33),heboughtoneofthelargesthousesinStratford,whichshowshisfinancialaffairswentwell.•In1599,theGlobeTheatrewasopenedanditssuccessmadeShakespearearichman.ThelifeofShakespeare•Shakespeare'sactivitiesasadramatist,poet,actorandproprietorlastedtilltheyear1612(attheageof48）whenheretiredfromthestageandreturnedtoStartford.ThelifeofShakespeare•Shakespearewasburiedinthechancel（祭坛，圣所）oftheHolyTrinityChurch(圣一三教堂）twodaysafterhisdeath.•Shakespearediedonthe23rdofApril,1616.ThelifeofShakespeare•Shakespeare'sgrave•GoodfrendforIesvssakeforbeare,•Todiggthedvstencloasedheare.•Blestebeyemanytsparesthesstones,•Andcvrstbeheytmovesmybones.•莎士比亚遗体安葬在镇上圣三一教堂。墓志铭写：“看在耶稣的份上，好朋友，切莫动底下的这抔黄土！让我安息者上天保佑，移我尸骨者永受诅咒。”Shakespeare'sliterarypositionShakespeare'sliteraryposition•Shakespeare(1564~1616)•theGreatRenaissancedramatist,poet,EuropeanRenaissancehumanismliteraturesynthesizer.•英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。Shakespeare'sliteraryposition•ThegreatestofallEnglishauthors,WilliamShakespearebelongstothoseraregeniusesofmankindwhohavebecomelandmarksinthehistoryofworldculture.•威廉·莎士比亚不仅是英国最伟大的作家，而且也是对世界文化史做出划时代贡献的少有的天才之一。Shakespeare'sliteraryposition•TheworksofWilliamShakespeareareagreatlandmarkinthehistoryofworldliteratureforhewasoneofthefirstfoundersofrealism,amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelations.•他的著作之所以成为世界文学史的里程碑，是因为他首创了现实主义写作手法，对人物和人物关系的客观描写达到了登峰造极的水平。Shakespeare'sliteraryposition•Morethanhisplaysbasedonhistoricalrecords,novels,folkloreandtheoldoperaandotherexistingmaterials,areflectionofthefeudalsocietytocapitalistsociety,thehistoricalrealityofthetransition,topromotetheemergingbourgeoisiehumanitarianismthoughtandpointofviewofhumannature.•他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。Shakespeare'sliterarypositionInpoetrycreation,hechangedtheformatinItaly,accordingtothefour,four,fourtwoarrangement,eachpoemcanbetterembodytheintroduction,emotionalandtrainofthoughtturnsandchange.Heusedhiscontrol,polysemy,repetition,alliteration,pause,thelengthoftonescatteredtofoilcontent,enhancedmusic.在诗歌的创作中，他改变了意大利的格式，按四、四、四二编排，每首诗更能体现起承转合，情感和思路曲折而有变化。他常用对照、多义词、重复、停顿、头韵、长短音的错落来烘托内容，增强音乐性。Shakespeare'sliteraryposition•Hisworkwasrepeatedlyadoptedandrediscoveredbynewmovementsinscholarshipandperformance.Hisplaysremainhighlypopulartodayandareconstantlystudied,performedandreinterpretedindiverseculturalandpoliticalcontextsthroughouttheworld•他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国家上演。LiterarycareerandproductionsLiterarycareerandproductions•Morethanhisplaysbasedonhistoricalrecords,novels,folkloreandtheoldoperaandotherexistingmaterials,areflectionofthefeudalsocietytocapitalistsociety,thehistoricalrealityofthetransition,topromotetheemergingbourgeoisiehumanitarianismthoughtandpointofviewofhumannature.•他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。Literarycareerandproductions•Duringthetwenty-twoyearsofhisliteraryworkheproduced37plays,twonarrativepoemsand154sonnets.•Hisliteraryworkmaybedividedintothreemajorperiods：Thefirstperiod(1590-1600)Thesecondperiod(1601-1608)Thethirdperiod(1609-1612)Literarycareerandproductions•Thefirstperiod(1590~1600)第一时期•Mainlyincludehistoricaldramasandcomedies---9historicaldrama,10comediesand2tragedies.•以写作历史剧、喜剧为主，有9部历史剧、10部喜剧和2部悲剧。Thefirstperiod(1590~1600)•9historicaldramaJohnkingwaswritteninearlythirteenthCenturyBritishhistory,theother8isthecontentoftheinterfaceofthetwoEpisode4:HenryVI,theCharlieIII,and;RichardII,HenryIV(referredtoasthemostsuccessfulhistoricaldrama)ontheV,withHenry.•9部历史剧中除《约翰王》是写13世纪初英国历史外，其他8部是内容相衔接的两个4部曲：《亨利六世》上、中、下篇与《查理三世》；《理查二世》、《亨利四世》（被称为最成功的历史剧）上、下篇与《亨利五世》。Thefirstperiod(1590~1600)•ThesehistoricaldramasummaryofBritishhistorymorethan100yearsofunrest,createdaseriesofpositive,negativeimageofmonarchy,reflectingShakespeareagainstthefeudalrule,supportthecentralizationofpower,condemnedthetyrantandtyra