2020版-第2部分-板块2-第3讲-构词法

第3讲构词法[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salwaysenergetic(energy)．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatisactually(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.1．给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；2．给出动词，填写名词或形容词；3．给出名词，填写形容词。短文改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.happily→happy2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.suddenly→sudden3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.interesting→interested1．形容词和副词的互相错用；2．形容词和名词的互相错用；3．­ed与­ing形容词的互相错用。考点一形容词加ly变为副词的规律[先试做题组]单句语法填空1．Theboyranquickly(quick)toschool.2．“What'sthat？”Fathershoutedangrily(angry)．3．Thelittlegirlisextremely(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.4．Yourcompositionisbadly(bad)organized.Pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively(attend)nexttime.[再解读要点]1．一般情况加ly。如：real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly2．“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为ily。如：angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily3．以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable→probably；possible→possibly4．个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly5．以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically[名师点津]有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：friend→friendly；day→daily考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Heisratherselfish(self)sothatnobodypreferstohaveatalkwithhim.2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthefactoryisattractive(attract)．3．Heisreliable(rely)soyoucandependonhim.4．Theyarenervous(nerve)abouttheirfirsttripabroad.5．Theflowerisharmful(harm)toourhealth.Ⅱ.单句改错6．Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalancediet.balance→balanced7．(2019·大庆调研)Idon'tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinoursociety.reason→reasonable[再解读要点]后缀例词ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的curiosity→curious好奇的sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的erneast→eastern东方的；向东的ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的aryimagine→imaginary想象中的考点三动词变名词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·泰安一模)Itisnecessarytohaveaphysicalexamination(examine)everyyear.2．Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth(warm)．3．Withouthesitation(hesitate)，Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2019·湖北八校联考)Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyourpronounce.pronounce→pronunciation[再解读要点]后缀例词alapprove→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来；到达survive→survival幸存anceenceappear→appearance出现；外貌perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱iontionationcompete→competition比赛；竞争invite→invitation邀请；请柬explain→explanation解释(ss)iondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始mentachieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗ureturefail→failure失败；没做到press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势考点四形容词变名词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I'mdoingTom'sjobinhisabsence(absent)．2．Howmuchisthepostage(post)forthepackage.3．Hehastheability(able)todothejob.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2019·山师大附中月考)Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofoursituation.strong→strength[再解读要点]后缀例词ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅private→privacy隐私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自在wise→wisdom明智；智慧cedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意thgrow→growth成长；发展strong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情ytyitysafe→safety安全disable→disability无能；伤残responsible→responsibility责任考点五表示人的后缀[先试做题组]单句语法填空1．Thefamousactress(act)isdancingwithherfans.2．Weshouldrespecteveryone，evenabeggar(beg)．3．Mybossisnothere.Doyouliketospeaktooneofhisassistants(assist)?[再解读要点]后缀例词erteach→teacher老师village→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人(注：cook→cooker炉灶，炉具)arlie→liar说谎者eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇员interview→interviewee被面试者train→trainee受训练的人；学员orinvent→inventor发明家act→actor男演员educate→educator教育家；教师essact→actress女演员god→goddess女神host→hostess女主人；女主持人eseChina→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人nAmerica→American美国人Australia→Australian澳洲人ianmusic→musician音乐家history→historian历史学家politics→politician政治家；政客istnovel→novelist小说家special→specialist专家tour→tourist旅行者；观光者antserve→servant仆人participate→participant参加者assist→assistant助手；图书管理员考点六表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·青岛一模)Astheycouldn'tplayoutdoors，theywereunhappy(happy)，andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.2．Peopleonwelfarearewronglyseena