2016高考英语阅读理解猜测词义分析

猜测词义高三专题复习阅读理解之一“得阅读者，得高分”让我们一起努力，征服阅读，战胜高考！Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?•Lookthemupinthedictionary•Ignorethemandcontinuereading•Guessthemeaning33词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目，考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义。词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。2015年《考试说明》介绍阅读理解部分有可能会考查对词组或短语在上下文的词语猜测年份20112012201320142015题数12(1个短语）1（短语）3（1短语）1对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对短语或句义的猜测对代词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”通晓数种语言的人使模糊，混淆，搅浑考查熟词的引申义或一词多义在特定场合的意思Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched对句义的猜测77(2013·四川卷B篇)Two12yearoldboy,ChristianandJack,rowedoutaboattosearchforafootball.Oncethey'drowedbeyondthecalmwaters,abeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater.Thepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoshore.Buttheywerenomatchforitandtheboatwasoutofcontrol.36.Whatdoes“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebeach.B.Thewater.C.Theboat.D.Thewind.D对代词的猜测词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1．Theunderlinedword/phrase“________”inthethirdparagraphmeans________.•2．Theunderlinedword“________”inthesecondparagraphcanbereplacedby________.•3．Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedword“________”inthelastparagraph?•4．Theunderlinedword“________”inthefourthparagraphrefersto________.生活常识上下文对比转折因果关系同位关系同义词反义词构词法定义猜Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?高分秘笈1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文1.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。A.fragileB.softC.weakD.strong2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(n.牧羊人)12123.(2013·四川卷E篇)“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear，”Dr.Garfinkelsaid.49.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”inParagraph6?A.Order.B.System.C.Machine.D.Treatment.B通过标点符号来下定义使用破折号，引号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容3.Theywillbeonthenightshift—frommidnightto6a.m.—nextweek.由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到“nightshift”意思为“夜班”。1.定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示GuesstheMeaningoftheWord2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。1.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.2.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.punctualB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(disagreed)Testsonratsshowthatthosewhoraisetwoorthreelittersofpupsdoconsiderablybetterintestsofmemoryandskillsthanratswhohavenobabies.A.babyratsB.animalsC.oldratsD.grown-upratsMymindwasinamilliondifferentplaces.Thankstothestricttraining,Bellisnownolongernervousandalotmoreconfident.A.shewasabsent-mindedB.shewasnervousC.shewasexcitedD.shewascurious表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,thoughonthecontrary等。小结2.对比法3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。1.Cleaningupwaterwaysisangigantictask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)…2.“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasstupidD.Davewasshy根据同义词，3.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.and,or,suchas,like，forexample,forinstance常连接同义词组。取代4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。1.Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.2.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.(adj.贫穷的,穷困的)(adj.大的)3.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.Nothearwhatyousaidconcentrate/focusherattentionon4.SinceIhavefinishedmypapernow,Iamgoingtogivemyselfatreattonight.Iamgoingtowatchamovieoncampus,anactionmoviecalled“FaceOff”.Theunderlinedwords“atreat”heremeans____.A.anactionmovieB.somethingpleasanttoenjoyC.arestD.somethingnicetoeat5.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.徒劳的Guessthemeaningoftheword根据因果关系小结常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。1.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具)◎2.Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany--forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes----Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.A)pleasuresB)conveniencesC)dangersD)equipment6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在