英语基础语法(巩固版).ppt

英语基础语法英语的特点及基本结构十大词类•名词，girl,measurement,woman…•代词，I,him,his,mine,that…•动词，beat,is,can,do,will,call…•形容词，beautiful,difficult…•副词，very,hard,carefully….•限定词（冠词），a,an,the…•连词，and,but,because…•数词，one,first….•介词，on,in,from,of….•感叹词Wow,oh…句子•简单句Englishsometimesmademefrustrated•并列句Theteachercameintotheclassroomandsaidhellotothestudents.•主从复合句ThoughEnglishsometimesmademefrustrated,Igraduallyfinditinterestingandrewarding.简单句基本句型(1)•MynameisLiMing.•MymajorisComputerScience.•IamafreshmaninDalianNationalitiesUniversity.•Itlooksbeautiful.主语+（系）动词+表语简单句基本句型(2)•Igetupatsixeveryday.•Istudyveryhard.•Idosobecause….主语+动词More：Icanswim.I’lltry.简单句基本句型(3)•IreadEnglishaloud.•IenjoylearningEnglish.•Wearestudyingsentencepatternsnow.•Isawhimyesterday.主语+动词+宾语简单句基本句型(4)•Myfriendsgivemesomeadvice.•Myfriendsgivesomeadvicetome.•Hehandedmealetter.•Hehandedalettertome•Shesangusasong•Shesangasongforus.主语+动词+宾语+宾语简单句基本句型(5)•Igrauallyfinditinterestingandrewarding.•MyfriendscallmeDaMing.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语More:Hefoundhisnewjobboring.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.IsawherchattingwithNancy.Conclusion•句子的基本组成成分有：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，补语，表语，同位语，其中主语和谓语部分是必不可少的。•简单句的基本句型有五种，主要取决于动词。Exercise•我累了。•I’mtired.•我在学校里很高兴。•I’mhappyintheschool.•我会梦想成真的。•Mydreamswillcometrue.•太阳正在升起。•Thesunisrising.你睡的好吗？Didyousleepwell?汽车坏了。Thecarbrokedown.我认识这些人。Iknowthesepeople.我无法用英语表达自己的意思。Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.•她为我们做了顿饭。•Shecookedamealforus.•我看到她正和南希聊天。•IsawherchattingwithNancy.•我问了他们的名字。扩句练习Heisrunning.Thenoisemadehimangry.Myfatherboughtmeapresent.Hekeepshiseyesclosed.Youwilltellmeastory.Wekeeptheroomclean.动词类别特点意义举例实义动词vt.vi.及物动词单宾语及物动词须跟一个宾语一起才能表达完整的意思Theteacherlikesus.句型3双宾语及物动词须跟两个宾语一起才能表达完整的意思Hegivemesomeadvice.句型4复杂宾语及物动词须跟一个宾语和补语一起才能表达完整的意思Ifindthecourseinteresting.句型5不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语Shealwayscomeslate.句型2系动词link-v跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思Iamastudent.句型1助动词aux.v.跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟实义动词一起构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.情态动词mod.v跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.短语动词短语动词是由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下。构成方式举例动词+介词Lookat,lookafter动词+副词Giveup,putinto动词+副词+介词Catchupwith,lookdownupon动词+名词+介词Takecareof,payattentiontoBe+形容词+介词Beproudof,beafraidof复杂结构Makeupone’smind,windone’sway谓语动词形式意义举例人称与主语在人称一致Iamreadingnow.第一人称数与主语在数上一致Hewriteswell.第三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等HehasflowntoAmerica.事实IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望系动词：be,look/sound/smell/taste/feel;become/get/turn/appear/seemTheyarestudents.Sheisbeautiful.Heishere/there/in/out/way.Heisintheclassroom/ontheplayground.HerjobisteachingEnglish/tiring/exciting.Itlooksfine.Theplansoundsgood.It’sgettinglate.Herhairturnedgrey.Healwaysseems(tobe)sad.Heseemstobeafraid/asleep/awake/alive.(表语形容词)Heappeared(tobequite)wellprepared.表语：名词，形容词，介词短语，副词，动词-ing形式Exercise---句型（1）变一般疑问句：Aretheystudents.Isshebeautiful.Ishehere/there/in/out/way.Isheintheclassroom/ontheplayground.IsherjobteachingEnglish/tiring/exciting.Doesitlookfine.Doestheplansoundsgood.IsItgettinglate.DidHerhairturngrey.Doeshealwaysseem(tobe)sad.Doesheseemstobeafraid/asleep/awake/alive.(表语形容词)Didheappeared(tobequite)wellprepared.•变特殊疑问句Whoarethey.Howisshelike.WhereIshe.WhereIshe.How/Whatisherjob.Howdoesitlooklike.Howdoestheplansoundlike.Howisitgetting.Whosehairturnedgrey.Howdoeshealwaysseemtobe.Howdoesheseemstobe.Howdidheappearedtobe.Moreexercise(选择填空)1.Mybrother____ateacher.He____hispupilsverymuch.A.is,likeB.is,likesC.are,likesD.are,like2.A:Howmanydays____thereinaweek?B:There____seven.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is3.I____tiredlastnight.A.becameB.feltC.lookedD.am4.Herface____pale（苍白）whensheheardthebadnews.A.gotB.isC.turnedD.was5.You____pale.What'swrongwithyou?A.turnB.seemC.lookD.become6.Theboy____illtoday.A.areB.isC.beD.am7.Which____bigger,thesunorthemoon?A.areB.isC.beD.ו9.I____aworkernextyear.A.amB.willbeC.beD.will10.Hervoice____likemymother's.A.soundsB.soundC.looksD.look11.Itoftenrainsandthecrops____fast.A.getB.turnC.growD.become12.A:Howareyou____now?B:Muchbetter,thankyou.A.gettingB.feelingC.makingD.turning13.Theteacher'ssmilemademe____better.A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt14.MyEnglishteacher____.A.alllookyoungB.looksyoungC.lookyoungD.alllooksyoung15.I____busynow,butI____freenextweek.A.am,amB.am,willC.am,willbeD.being,willbe•Igetupatsixeveryday.•Istudyveryhard.•Idosobecause….•Icanswim.•I’lltry.•变一般疑问句•Doyougetupatsixeveryday?•Doyoustudyveryhard?•Doyoudosobecause..?•Canyouswim?•Willyoutry?Exercise---句型（2）---不及物动词变特殊疑问句•Igetupatsixeveryday.•Istudyveryhard.•Idosobecause….•Icanswim.•I’lltry.•Whendoyougetupeveryday?•Howdoyoustudy?•Whydoyoudoso?•Whatcanyoudo?•Whatwillyoudo？Exercise---句型（3）单宾语及物动词•IreadEnglishaloud.•IenjoylearningEnglish.•Wearestudyingsentencepatternsnow.•Isawhimyesterday.•Hedecidedtogoalone.•宾语：名称，代词，不定式短语，动名词短语变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句•Hedecidedtogoalone.•Doeshedecidetogoalone？•Howdoeshedecidetogo?•Whodecidedtogoalone?•IenjoylearningEnglish.•DoyouenjoylearningEnglish?•WhoenjoylearningEnglish?•Whatdoyoue