被动语态-

PassiveVoice被动语态二、语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用:be+及物动词的过去分词构成。三、被动语态的构成be+及物动词的过去分词can/may/must…+be+过去分词(八种时态下的被动语态）1)am/is/are+done一般现在时2)2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.AllthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedAnewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8）wouldbedone过去将来时带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.四.被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.3.为了行文流畅，简洁：Heenteredthehallandwaswarmlywelcomedbyhisfans.Oralpractice-主动句改被动句Oralpractice--1.Changeeachsentenceintopassivevoice:1)Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．•Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．•Themedicalteamismadeupoftwo…．•Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．5)Youneedtopaintthewall6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．•TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．•Thewallneedstobepainted．•Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．几种特殊结构1.Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday．2.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar．•Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday．•Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.•Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar•注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,listento,lookat等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。1。动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashedBC主动式表被动义2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…Thefishisnotfit_______(eat)．WefindEnglishishard_______(learn)．Thearticleisdifficult___________(understand).toeattolearntounderstand3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．I’llgivehimsomebooks______(read)．todotoread表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)•Thesteelfeelscold．5表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)•Theshopopensat6am.everyday．表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义6.作“需要”讲的want/need/require或值得deserve后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。•Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed．Quiz1Quiz11.Thesteel_____cold．A.isfeltB.wasfeelingC.feelsD.isbeingfelt2.Hisplan_____good．A.hassoundedB.issoundingC.issoundedD.soundsCDQuiz2Quiz2•Theshop_____at6am.everyday．A.opensB.openedC.isopenedD.isopening•Work_____at7pm.today．A.endsB.endedC.wasendedD.hadendedAB•Thepen______smoothly．A.waswroteB.writesC.haswritingD.iswritten•Thiscoat_____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashedQuiz3BCCorrectingmistake2.Correctthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?wassentwilllastwerehurt4)Afirewasbrokenoutlastnight．5)Hehadtotravelbybusashiscarwasdamagedinanaccidentafewdaysbefore．6)Thelargebuildingthatisnowbuiltwillbeahospital．hadbeendamagedisnowbeingbuiltbrokeout7)Classisbegunat7:30everyday．8)Hisplanissoundedgood．9)Yourcoatneedsbeingwashed．beginssoundstobewashed/washing1.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek．A．aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD．willholdMultiplechoiceB2.I’msorry,sir．Yourrecorderisn’treadyyet．It____inthefactory．A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasn’tbeenrepairedA3．Everypossiblemeans____,butnone____successful．A.hastried;hasprovedB．tried;provesC.hasbeentried;provesD.isbeingtried;isprovedC4．Thequestionheaskedishard____．A.foranswerB.toanswerC．tobeansweredD.answeringB5．Inwarmweather,fruitandmeat____long．A.cannotbekeptB.don’tkeepC.mustn’tkeepD.isnotkeptA6．Hereceivedatelegram____:“Motherill”．A．writtenB.readingC.saidD.writingB7.--Didyouhandhimtheletteryesterday?--No,I____tohim．A.broughtitB.tookitC.haditsentD.carrieditC8．Alicehadadress____lastweek．A．madeB.makeC.tobemadeD.tomakeA