节水灌溉智能控制系统设计

LANZHOUUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY毕业设计题目节水灌溉智能控制系统设计学生姓名赵胜学号08220301专业班级自动化（3）班指导教师成娟娟学院电信工程学院答辩日期2012.6.12兰州理工大学毕业设计摘要节水灌溉智能控制技术的高低代表着农业现代化的发展状况，灌溉系统智能化水平较低是制约我国高效农业发展的主要原因。本文就此问题研究了单片机控制的节水灌溉系统，该系统对土壤的湿度进行监控，并按照作物对土壤湿度的要求进行适时、适量灌水，其核心是单片机通过采用PID算法对土壤湿度的控制部分，主要对灌溉控制技术及系统的硬件、软件编程各个部分进行了深入的研究。单片机控制部分采用AT89C51单片机为核心，主要由土壤湿度传感器，AD转换器，显示电路，输出控制电路，故障报警电路等组成；软件选用C语言编程。系统主要具有以下功能：单片机可根据土壤湿度传感器检测到的土壤湿度，自动控制灌溉系统，并且同时显示出当前土壤的湿度值。该系统灵活性强，易于操作，可靠性高，将会有更广阔的开发前景。关键词：节水灌溉；湿度传感器；单片机；自动控制兰州理工大学毕业设计AbstractThelevelofauto-controlwater-savingirrigationtechnologyreflectsthedevelopmentconditionofagriculturemodernization．Thelowautomaticlevelofirrigationsystemisthemainreasonthatpreventedouragriculture’sdevelopment．Astothiscondition，thispapermainlystudiesthedripwater-savingirrigationsystemthatcontrolledbyMCU(Micro—controllerUnit)．Thissystemcallsuperviseandcontrolmoistureofdifferentsoil．Itcanirrigatetodifferentfarmcorpswiththerightamountofwateratthewelltime．ItscoreistheMCUthroughtheuseofthePIDalgorithmforsoilmoisturecontrolsection．ResearchworkhandbeencarriedOiltotherelationshipbetweensoilmoistureandwater,irrigatecontroltechnology,hardwareandsoftwareprogramandsoon.Itadoptsthetopandbottomformtorealizethecontrolfunctionofdripirrigationsystem．BasedonAT89C5lMCU,thebottomhardwaresystemmainlyconsistsofsoilmoisturesensor,Signaltransfercircuit，monitordisplaycircuit，outportcontrolcircuit，malfunctiondisplaycircuitandtheprocedureprogrammedwithClanguage.PartofSCMAT89C51miscrocontrollerasthecore,mainlybythesoilmoisturesensors,ADconverter,displaycircuit,theoutputconfrolcircuit,thefaultalamcircuitandothercomponents;softwareselectionoftheCprogramminglanguage.Thesystemhasthefollowingfunctions:MCUcanbedetectedinsoilmoisturesoilmoisturesensorandautomaticcontrolofirrigationsystems,andalsoshowsthecurrentsoilmoisture.Thesystemisflexible,easyoperation,highreliability,therewillbemorebroadprospectsofdevelopment.Keywords:Water-savingirrigation;Humiditysensors;MCU(Micro-controllerUnit);Automaticcontrol兰州理工大学毕业设计目录第一章绪论................................................................................................................-1-1.1研究的背景.............................................................................................................-1-1.1.1节水灌溉智能系统的研究背景..................................................................-1-1.1.2农业高效节水的必要性..............................................................................-1-1.2国内外灌溉智能控制技术研究现状.....................................................................-2-1.2.1国外研究现状..............................................................................................-2-1.2.2国内研究现状..............................................................................................-2-1.3滴灌技术.................................................................................................................-3-1.3.1滴灌系统的分类..........................................................................................-3-1.3.2滴灌系统的组成..........................................................................................-3-1.3.3微喷与滴灌的使用......................................................................................-4-1.3.4滴灌技术的特点..........................................................................................-4-1.4课题研究的目的和意义.........................................................................................-5-1.5课题研究内容.........................................................................................................-6-第二章系统方案设计..................................................................................................-8-2.1研究方案的选择.....................................................................................................-8-2.1.1PLC系统.........................................................................................................-8-2.1.2微机测控技术................................................................................................-8-2.2节水灌溉自动控制系统的原理.............................................................................-9-2.3系统总体设计.......................................................................................................-10-第三章硬件设计.........................................................................................................-11-3.1系统硬件介绍........................................................................................................-11-3.2硬件选型及介绍....................................................................................................-11-3.2.1土壤湿度传感器.........................................................................................-11-3.2.2AT89C51单片机...........................................................................................-17-3.2.38155芯片...................................................................................................-21-3.3硬件各部分设计...................................................................................................-23-3.3.1单片机主机控制电路....................................................