新概念第二册lesson41

Lesson41Doyoucallthatahat?【Newwordsandexpressions】(6)★rudeadj.无礼的(强调故意的)impoliteadj.不礼貌，表示没有注意到礼节性的问题,所以显得有些不礼貌(polite的反义词，以p开头的形容词的否定前缀为im)cheekyadj.无礼,没礼貌的(表示小孩对长辈)Don’tbecheeky!不得无礼!naiveadj.天真的★mirrorn.镜子lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子mirrotof………的写照，……的真实反映★holen.孔holein+地点地方)有个洞★remarkv.评说主要指说,当say来理解★remind①vt.提醒remindsb.ofsth./remindsb.todosth./remindsb.that…提醒某人做某事②vt.使……想起Sheremindsmeofhersister.remindern.提醒物【课文讲解】1、Doyoucallthatahat?“Doyoucallthat+(冠词)+名词”这个结构可以表达一种轻蔑的含义：Doyoucallthatahouse/?你把那个叫房子/？2、Youneedn'tbesorudeaboutit.berudeaboutsth.对事很粗鲁berudetosb.对人很粗鲁3、Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.onthechair在椅子上4、Wehadbeeninthehatshopforhalfanhourandmywifewasstillinfrontofthemirror.名词修饰名词,一般用单数：bookstore书店，drugstore药店,5、Iregrettedsayingitalmostatonce.regretdoingsth./名词/that从句后悔已经做了某事，表示对做过的事感到遗憾regrettodosth.表示对现在或将来要做的事感到对不起、遗憾，比besorrytodosth.要正式：6、'Youneedn'thavesaidthat,'mywifeanswered.'Ineedn'tremindyouofthatterribletieyouboughtyesterday.'needn'thavedone原本不必做,但是做了,强调过去的动作不必做。needn'tdo现在的动作也不必做remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人想起某事7、'Ifinditbeautiful,'Isaid.动词find经常用于“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这种结构：Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.8、Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.cannever…too…＝cannot…too…无论……也不为过Icanneverthankyoutoomuch.感激不尽。【Keystructures】Must,Have(got)toandNeed情态动词must(必须，不得不)的否定式mustn't(不能、不准)，must还可用于表示推测：①对现在和将来的推测：must+动词用原形②对正在发生的事情的推测：mustbedoing③对过去的推测：musthavedone④对过去正在发生的事情的推测：musthavebeendoing用must的一般疑问句可以用must/haveto或needn’t来回答，而不用mustn’t：MustIsetoffnow?Yes,youmust/haveto.No,youneedn’t.mustn’t表示绝对禁止，在说话人看来，根本没选择余地：“不必要”可用needn’t，don’thaveto来表示：needn’t=don’thavetoneedn’thavedone=didn’thavetoYouneedn’t/don’thavetoworksuchlonghours.英语中的need有两种词性，一个是普通动词(需要)，一种是情态动词。need的否定形式对应也有两种：needn't不必(情态动词need的否定)；don'tneed不需要(普通动词need的否定)。needI...?(情态)/doIneed...?实义动词在实义动词后面再加一个实义动词,就在后面加todo.NeedIgoout?=DoIneedtogoout?情态动词后面不能直接用名词做宾语，实义动词后面可以直接加名词,故need后面如是名词,则这个need为实义动词例:He__c__followme.adoesn’tneedbneedn’ttocdidn’tneedtod.needsneed用于疑问句时，问者往往希望得到否定的回答：Needyouleavesosoon?你有必要这么早就走吗？用need的一般疑问句的肯定形式的回答可以用must/hadto，否定形式的回答可以用needn’t：NeedItypethisletteragain?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.Needyouhavetoldhimaboutmyplans?Yes,Ihadto./No,Ineedn’thave.表示必要时，must的语气比need要强：Imustgotothedentistthismoring.这种句型可用来表示说话人让对方选择或允许对方可以不做某事的主观意图。它的完成式和过去式分别为needn’thave，didn’thaveto和didn’tneedto：Ineedn’thavegonetotheofficeyesterday.Ididn’thaveto/didn’tneedtogototheofficeyesterday.needdoingsth.需要被做(用主动表达被动含义)①这里need属于实义动词,动词ing相当于名词来理解②有时态和人称变化,否定式为:don’tneeddoing③needdoing表达被动含义,如:Yourshoesneedwashing.你的鞋子需(被)洗了另外wantdoing也是用主动表示被动含义，它们的主语一定是物,不是人Yourhairneedscuting.needtobedone---主语是人,也可以是物对比mustn't和needn't：Youmusn’treaditbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.(bebadfor…对……有害)Smokingisbadforyourhealth.抽烟有害你的健康Youmustn'tmakeanoise.Thechildrenareasleep.Youneedn'tdrivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.=Youdon'thaveto(haven'tgotto)drivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.【SpecialDifficulties】Remark,ObserveandNoticeremark与observe都可以表示“说，评论说”，它们比say要正式：‘You’relookingverywell!’Sheremarked/observed.notice和observe都可以表示“注意到，察觉到”，但有一定区别。notice指无意中“察觉到”；observe则可以指有意观察、仔细地看，比notice更正式：Heobservedmecarefully.(Helookedatme.)Didyounoticehowshewasdressed?I’venoticed/observedthathetelephonesheroftenerthanbefore.makeruderemark/callone'sname/sayFwords(F指fuck)讲粗话，骂人failtodosth.没有能够notfailto表示强烈地肯定Ihadchangedthefurnitureroundthatyoucannotfailtonotictit.我已经把周围的家具都换了。【Multiplechoicequestions】3Doyouhavetobuythishat?No,I___c___.Itisn'tnecessary.a.mustn'tb.won'tc.needn'td.don'tneed英文中要么助动词之后所有的东西都省略,要么省到不定式标志,“don’tneedto”也对Wouldyouliketodosth?Yes,I'dliketo./No,Idon't/No,Idon'tneedto.(to不能省略)Doyouwanttogotoschool?Yes,Ido./Yes,Iwantto.Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Yes,I’dlike.(后接名词)Doyouneedthehat?No,Idon’tneed.7Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.It's___b___.a.unableb.impossiblec.improbabled.incapablecannever＝can't不可能beable/unabletodosth.(unableadj.不能的,不会的)impossible不可能improbable不太可能probably很有可能incapableadj.无能力的,不能的becapableof/beincapableof8Shelookedinthemirrorandsawher___a___.a.reflectionb.idolc.imaginationd.picturereflectionn.反射,映象,倒影,反省,沉思,反映(reflectv.发射)idoln.偶像,崇拜物,幻象,[逻]谬论imaginationn.想象,空想,想象的事物,想象力,听觉picturen.照片,图象11Hiswifewaswearingahat.She___c___.a.wasdressingitb.wasputtingitonc.haditond.wascarryingitwear/dress/puton/haveon穿wear穿着(强调状态)dresssb.给某人穿衣服(强调动作)puton穿上(强调动作)havesth.on穿着(强调状态)(have……on让……东西在……上面)bein+衣服(状态)12Itlookedlikealighthouse.It___b___alighthouse.a.appearedsimilarb.resembledc.matchedd.likenedmatch与……相配likenvt.把……比作compare/likensthtoanotherthing把前者比作后者Welikenthehattoalighthouse.resemblevt.象,类似aresemblebappear显得similar与……相似besimilarto(to不能少)