The-basic-information-of-covid-19

Whatiscovid-19?简答：AnewChinesecoronavirus,acousinoftheSARSvirus.详答：AnewChinesecoronavirus,acousinoftheSARSvirus,hasinfectedhundredssincetheoutbreakbeganinWuhan,China,inDecember.ScientistLeoPoon,whofirstdecodedthevirus,thinksitlikelystartedinananimalandspreadtohumans.Whatweknowisitcausespneumoniaandthendoesn'trespondtoantibiotictreatment,whichisnotsurprising,butthenintermsofmortality,SARSkills10%oftheindividuals,Poon,avirologistattheSchoolofPublicHealthatTheUniversityofHongKong,said.It'snotclearhowdeadlytheWuhancoronaviruswillbe,butfatalityratesarecurrentlylowerthanbothMERSandSARS.Expertsstressthatitwillchangeastheoutbreakdevelops.WhenandWheredidthecovid-19outbreakbegin?简答：TheCOVID-19hasinfectedhundredssincetheoutbreakbeganinWuhan,China,inDecember.Howdoescovid-19spread?简答：ScientistLeoPoon,whofirstdecodedthevirus,thinksitlikelystartedinananimalandspreadtohumans.Howcanyoucanpreventit?Thereisnovaccinetoprotectagainstthisfamilyofviruses,atleastnotyet.TrialsforaMERSvaccineareunderway.TheUSNationalInstitutesofHealthisworkingonavaccineagainstthenewvirus,butitwillbemonthsuntilclinicaltrialsgetunderwayandmorethanayearuntilitmightbecomeavailable.Youmaybeabletoreduceyourriskofinfectionbyavoidingpeoplewhoaresick.Trytoavoidtouchingyoureyes,noseandmouth.Washyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwaterandforatleast20seconds.Awarenessiskey.IfyouaresickandhavereasontobelieveitmaybetheWuhancoronavirusduetotraveltotheregionorcomingintocontactwithsomeonewhohasbeenthere,youshouldletahealthcareproviderknowandseektreatmentearly.Coveryourmouthandnosewhenyoucoughorsneeze,anddisinfecttheobjectsandsurfacesyoutouch.IftravelingtoChina,beawareofsymptomsandavoidliveanimalmarkets,whichiswherethelatestoutbreakbeganinWuhan.CoronavirustreatmentThereisnospecifictreatment,butresearchisunderway.Mostofthetime,symptomswillgoawayontheirownandexpertsadviseseekingcareearly.Ifsymptomsfeelworsethanastandardcold,seeyourdoctor.Doctorscanrelievesymptomsbyprescribingapainorfevermedication.TheCDCsaysaroomhumidifierorahotshowercanhelpwithasorethroatorcough.Drinkplentyoffluids,getrestandsleepasmuchaspossible.额外补充：Whoisaffected?MERS,SARSandtheWuhancoronavirusappeartocausemoreseverediseaseinolderpeople,thoughuncertaintyremainsaroundthelatestoutbreak.OfthecasesofWuhancoronavirusreportedsofar,noneareyetconfirmedtobeamongchildren,Horbysaid.Theaverageageispeople40orover,hesaid.ShouldyouworryabouttheWuhancoronavirus?TheWuhancoronavirusfatalityrateislowerthanforSARSandMERS,butstillcomparabletothe1918Spanishflupandemic,explainsNeilFerguson,professorofmathematicalbiologyatImperialCollegeLondon.Itisasignificantconcern,globally,Fergusonsays,notingthatwedon'tfullyunderstandtheseverity.Fergusonbelievesthefatalityrateislikelytobelowerduetoanicebergofmildercasesweareyettofind,buthehighlightsthatnovelvirusesspreadmuchfasterthroughapopulation.SymptomsThevirusescanmakepeoplesick,usuallywithamildtomoderateupperrespiratorytractillness,similartoacommoncold.Coronavirussymptomsincludearunnynose,cough,sorethroat,possiblyaheadacheandmaybeafever,whichcanlastforacoupleofdays.Forthosewithaweakenedimmunesystem,theelderlyandtheveryyoung,there'sachancetheviruscouldcausealower,andmuchmoreserious,respiratorytractillnesslikeapneumoniaorbronchitis.Thereareahandfulofhumancoronavirusesthatareknowntobedeadly.MiddleEastrespiratorysyndrome,alsoknownastheMERSvirus,wasfirstreportedintheMiddleEastin2012andalsocausesrespiratoryproblems,butthosesymptomsaremuchmoresevere.Threetofouroutofevery10patientsinfectedwithMERSdied,accordingtotheCDC.Severeacuterespiratorysyndrome,alsoknownasSARS,istheothercoronavirusthatcancausemoreseveresymptoms.FirstidentifiedintheGuangdongprovinceinsouthernChina,accordingtotheWHO,itcausesrespiratoryproblemsbutcanalsocausediarrhea,fatigue,shortnessofbreath,respiratorydistressandkidneyfailure.Dependingonthepatient'sage,thedeathratewithSARSrangedfrom0-50%ofthecases,witholderpeoplebeingthemostvulnerable.TheWuhancoronavirusiscurrentlythoughttobemoremildthanSARSandMERSandtakeslongertodevelopsymptoms.Patientstodatehavetypicallyexperiencedamildcoughforaweekfollowedbyshortnessofbreath,causingthemtovisitthehospital,explainsPeterHorby,professorofemerginginfectiousdiseasesandglobalhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Sofar,around15%to20%ofcaseshavebecomesevere,requiring,forexample,ventilationinthehospital.CoronavirusandpregnancyInpregnantwomen,themoresevereversionsofMERSandSARScoronavirusescanbeserious.TherearecasesinwhichawomaninfectedwithMERShadastillbirth,a2014studyshowed.SARS-associatedillnesseswerelinkedtocasesofspontaneousabortion,maternaldeathandcriticalmaternalillness,a2004studyfound.Coronavirusandcats,dogsandotheranimalsPetscancatchcoronavirusesandtheinfectionscanbecomesevere.Sometimesthevirusescanleadtodeadlydiseases.Onecancausefelineinfectiousperitonitisincatsandsomethingcalledapantropiccaninecoronaviruscaninfectcatsanddogs,accordingtoa2011study.CatscancatchSARS,butnoneoftheinfectedcatsdevelopedsymptoms,accordingtothestudy.Thefelinecoronavirustypicallyisasymptomatic,butcancausemilddiarrhea.Felineinfec