高级经贸英语Note

Internet:acommunicationsfacilitywhichlinksaverylargenumberofcomputersystemsworldwide.Itfacilitatesdatacommunicationservicessuchasremotelogin,filetransfer,electronicmail,andnewsgroups.GDP:abbreviationwhichstandsforGrossDomesticProduct,ameasureofthetotalannualproductionofacountry,excludingnetincomefromabroad.PPP:thenumberofunitsofacountry'scurrencyrequiredtobuythesameamountofgoodsandservicesinthedomesticmarketasUS$1wouldbuyintheUS.Leapfrog:agameinwhichplayersjumpoverotherswhostandwithbentback.Here:jumpingoverothereconomies.GATT:GeneralAgreementonTariffandTrade.Anorganisationsetupin1948,asaninternationalforum,toregulateworldtradeandreducebarriers.EU:EuropeanUnion.AnorganisationofWesternEuropeanstatestofostereconomiccooperationwiththeeventualaimofeconomicandsomepoliticalunity.Tariff:dutytobepaidonimportsandexports.Tariffconcession:morefavorableintariffratesthanthecurrentrates.Scoresofbilateralagreements:mutualdiscussionofthetermsofanagreement.Reciprocalbargaining:mutualdiscussionofthetermsofanagreement.Balanceofpayment:thedifferencebetweentheamountpaidtoforeigncountriesforimportsandservicesandtheamountreceivedfromthemforexports,etc.inagiventime.Currencyconvertibility:theabilityofcurrencytobeexchangedforgoldorothercurrencieswithoutrestriction.Logjam:acompletestandstillorlackofprogress.Provision:astatementinatreatyorcontract,etc.Nenkosystem:aJapanesemanagementpatternwhichemphasizeslifelongemploymentwithaparticularfirm,grouployalty,andconsensusandgroup-orienteddecision-making.Grouployalty:beingtrueandfaithfultothecompany.Promotability:chanceofobtainingahigherposition.Consensus:collectiveopinionwithwidesupport.Mentor:awisecounselor,aclose,trustworthyandexperiencedguide.Sevenvalues:nationalservicethroughindustry,fairness,harmonyandcooperation,struggleforbetterment,courtesyandhumility,adjustmentandassimilation,gratitude.Portfolio:asetofinvestmentsheldbyoneinvestor.Mortgage:aloanmadebyabanktoapersonorcompanytoenablethelattertobuyproperty.Taxliability:responsibilityforpayingtax.Fixed-interestsecurities:securitiespayingthesamereturnineachpaymentperiod.Dividend:ashareofprofitspaidtoshareholders.Fully-frankeddividends:dividendswhichhavehadfulltaxpaidonthem.Principal:theamountinvested.Securities:typesofinvestmentofferedbyacompanyorauthority,eg.shares,bonds,debentures,etc.Federalobligation:aninvestmentsecurityissuedbyafederalgovernment.Maturity:beingdueforrepayment.Yield£ºannualreturnfromaninvestment.Equities:ordinarystocksandsharesnotbearingfixedinterest.Income:returnsfrominvestment.Return:profitonaninvestment.Treasury:agovernmentdepartmentinchargeofthepublicrevenue.Holdingperiod:alengthoftimeforholdingsomething.Capitalgain:profitfromthechangeinthepriceofanasset.Capitalappreciation:riseincapitalvalue.Eleventhhour:theverylastmoment.TheUSTreasurybonds:bondssoldbytheUSTreasurytoraisemoneyforshortperiods.Inflation:Ageneralincreaseinpricesresultingfromexcessivedemandforgoodsoranexpansionofthemoneysupply.Itcanalsoresultfromincreaseincosts,particularlywages.Bondasecurityinwhichagovernmentoranindustrialfirmpromisestopaybackwithinterestmoneythathasbeenlent.Gilts:giltsaregilt-edgedsecuritiesissuedbythegovernmentforpeopletoinvestforafixedperiodoftimeatafixedrateofinterest.Withgilt-edgedstocksthereisverylittleriskofinvestorsoflosingtheirmoney.Greenback:theUSdollar.Trade-weightedvalue:theaveragevalueoftheUSdollaragainstabasketofothercurrenciesoftheUStradingpartners.