80m3液化石油储罐结构设计及焊接工艺设计

专业设计课程任务书学院材料科学与工程专业材料成型及控制工程设计题目80m3液化石油气卧式储罐设计设计条件表序号项目数值单位备注1名称液化石油气卧式储罐2用途储存3最高工作压力1.6MPa由介质温度确定4工作温度-19～50℃5公称容积（Vg）80M36设计压力1.77MPa7装量系数(φV)0.98工作介质液化石油气9材质Q345R1.卧式储罐结构设计(1）结构设计：董显20124625、刘玉琨20124484(2）二维结构与二维图纸：倪贝拓20124637(3）水压数值模拟：李高阳20124479、张根红20146062.卧式储罐焊接设计（1）焊接工艺设计：杨嘉兴20124495、申永成20124486（2）工艺卡及焊接设计图纸：魏启迪20124492（3）工程预算：宋厚2012467780m3液化石油气卧式储罐设计摘要液化石油气储罐是盛装液化石油气的常用设备，由于该气体具有易燃易爆的特点，因此在设计这种储罐时，要注意安全与防火，和在制造、安装等方面的特点。卧式储罐结构设计是以应力分析为主要途径，以材料力学为基础，对容器的各个主要受压部分进行设计。利用ANSYS软件对进行静力学应力、应变模拟分析，得出的应力作用下的较为精确详尽的储罐响应结果,直观的再现了储油罐在应力作用下的受力情况和薄弱环节,从为储罐的设计提供了可靠的依据。在焊接过程中，采用多层多道焊，选择合理的焊接工艺措施，如控制焊接电流、电弧电压，选择材料、破口形式、焊丝焊剂、焊条等，不但能控制结构的焊接变形和应力，而且能保证焊缝的组织和性能，有效提高压力容器的品质。此外，除第一层打底焊外，每层都要捶击消除应力，每道焊缝都要清渣，防止夹渣，焊缝要圆滑过渡，防止应力集中。同时，在工程预算方面，从原材料花费、焊接相关花费、人工费几个方面进行统计估算。关键词：卧式储罐，结构设计，模拟分析，焊接工艺，工程预算80m3LIQUEFIEDOILTANKSTRUCTUREDESIGNABSTRACTLiquefiedpetroleumgasstoragetankisholdingthecommonlyusedequipment,liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)duetothecharacteristicsofthegasisflammableandexplosive,sointhedesignofthetank,payattentiontothesafetyandfireprotection,andintheaspectofmanufacture,installation,etc.Horizontaltankstructuredesignisbasedonstressanalysisasthemainway,onthebasisofmechanicsofmaterials,todesignthemaincompressionportionofthecontainer.UsingANSYSsoftwaretothestress,strainsimulationstaticsanalysis,itisconcludedthatthestressundertheactionofresponseresultmoreaccurateanddetailedtank,intuitivereproducetheforceoftheoiltankundertheeffectofstressandtheweaklink,fromthedesignprovidesareliablebasisforstoragetank.Intheweldingprocess,theuseofmulti-layerwelding,multichannelselectingrationalweldingprocessmeasures,Suchascontrolweldingcurrent,arcvoltage,materialselection,crevasseform,fluxweldingwire,weldingwire,etc.,notonlycancontroltheweldingdeformationandstressofstructure,andcanguaranteeorganizationandpropertiesoftheweld,effectivelyimprovethequalityofthepressurevessel.Inaddition,inadditiontothefirstlayerofbackingwelding,eachlayertothumpofeliminatingstressandeverywayweldslagremoval,preventingslag,weldtosmooththetransition,preventstressconcentration.Atthesametime,intheaspectofengineeringbudget,fromrawmaterialscosts,weldingrelatedcostsandlaborstatisticalestimation.KEYWORDS:Horizontaltank,Structuredesign,Simulationanalysis,Weldingprocess,Projectbudg专业设计课程任务书................................................1摘要............................................................2ABSTRACT..........................................................3第一章设计参数的选择..............................................61.1液化石油气参数的确定...................................................61.2设计温度...............................................................61.3设计压力...............................................................61.4设计储量...............................................................71.5主要元件材料的选择....................................................81.5.1筒体材料的选择....................................................81.5.2鞍座材料的选择....................................................81.5.3地脚螺栓的材料选择................................................8第二章容器的结构设计.............................................92.1筒体和封头的设计.......................................................92.1.1筒体设计.........................................................92.1.2封头设计..........................................................92.3筒体厚度计算..........................................................102.4封头厚度计算..........................................................10第三章零部件的确定..............................................123.1开孔和选取法兰分析....................................................123.1.1人孔的设计.......................................................123.1.2接管和法兰.....................................................133.1.3垫片............................................................153.1.4螺栓（螺柱）的选择.............................................153.1.5液位计的设计.....................................................163.2鞍座选型和结构设计....................................................173.2.1鞍座选型.........................................................173.2.2鞍座位置的确定..................................................183.3开孔补强..............................................................193.3.1补强及补强方法判别...............................................193.3.2开孔所需补强面积.................................................203.3.3有效补强范围.....................................................203.3.4有效补强面积.....................................................21第四章应力校核.................................................244.1圆筒轴向弯矩计算.....................................................244.1.1圆筒中间截面上的轴向弯矩.......................................244.1.2支座截面处的弯矩...............................................254.2圆筒轴向应力计算并校核...............................................264.2.1圆筒中间截面上的轴向应力.......................................264.2.2由压力及轴向弯矩引起的轴向应力计算并校核.......................264.2.3圆筒轴向应力校核...............................................274.3切向剪应力的计算及校核...............................................284.4鞍座应力计算并校核.........................................