语言学-考研真题

1语言学考研真题和答案第一章语言学Fillintheblanks1.Humanlanguageisarbitrary.Thisreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandthe_______itisassociatedwith.（人大2007研）meaning语言有任意性，其所指与形式没有逻辑或内在联系2.Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.Thisqualityislabeledas_______.（北二外2003研）displacement移位性指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点3.Bydualityismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsofthe_______levelarecomposedofelementsofthe__________levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.（北二外2006研）primary,secondary双重性指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则4.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_______features.（北二外2006）design人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。5.Theterm________originatesfromMalinowski'sstudyofthefunctionsoflanguageperformedbyTrobriandIslanders.Itreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.（中山大学2006研）phaticcommunication寒暄功能有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski提出6.Hallidayproposesatheoryofmetafunctionsoflanguage,thatis,languagehas________,in-terpersonalandtextualfunctions.（中山大学2008研）ideational韩礼德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。7.Ourlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutitself.Thisisthe________functionoflanguage.（中山大学2005研）metalingual语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。8.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe_______studyoflanguage.（北二外2003研）scientific9.________studieshowthespeechsoundsaremade,transmitted,andreceived,and_______studiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distributionandsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.（人大2006研）phonetics,phonology语音学研究语音是如何产生，传播以及接收的；音系学研究支配语音分布和排列的规则以及音节的形式。10._______studiesmeaninginlanguage,_______isaboutprinciplesofformingandunderstandingcorrectEnglishsentences,and________isconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.Theyareallamongthemainbranchesoflinguistics.（人大2006研）semantics,syntax,morphology语义学研究语言的意义，句法学研究构成句子的规则，形态学研究词汇的内部结构。三者都是语言学的分支。11.InSaussure'sview,therelationshipbetweensignifier(soundimage)andsignified(concept)is_______.（北二外2003）arbitrary索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系。212.________isthestudyofthelanguage-processingmechanisms.Itisconcernedwiththestorage,comprehension,productionandacquisitionoflanguage;________ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.Theybothbelongtobranchesofmacrolinguistics.（人大2006研）psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics心理语言学研究语言处理机制，如语言的记忆、理解、习得等。社会语言学研究语言与社会之间的关系。13.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)as________and________.Theformerreferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteristheconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.（人大2006研）langue,parole索绪尔用语言和言语来区分说话者的语言能力和言语上(表达的)的实际表现或语料。14.________grammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguage,while________grammarstellpeoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.Mostcontemporarylinguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursnaturallyinthelanguageshouldbedescribed.（人大2006研）descriptive,prescriptive描述性语言记录语言共同体的成员所遵循的规则，规定式的语言学目的在于为正确使用语言定下各种规则。15.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsis________andperformance.（人大2006）competence语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。16.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe________theory.yo-he-ho语言的起源有“汪汪”理论，“噗噗”理论和“哟嘿吼”理论o“哟嘿吼”理论语言起源于原始人共同劳动时发出的有节奏的哼哟声。17.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa________study.Diachroniclinguistic历时语言学家集中研究几十年或几百年的时期内两个或比两个更多的语言状况的差异。18.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure'slangueandChomsky's________.Competence索绪尔的语言与乔姆斯基的语言能力相似，因为二者都指抽象的语言知识，不是实际使用中的语言MultipleChoices1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?（大连外院2008研）BA.Languageisameansofvocalcommunication.B.Languageisinstrumental.C.Languageissocialandconventional.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafrequentlydiscusseddesignfeature?（大连外院2008研）BA.ArbitrarinessB.ConventionC.Duality3.By_______wemeanlanguageisresourcefulbecauseofitsdualityandrecursiveness.（西安外院2006研）A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.creativityD.displacementC创造性指语言的能产性，能早出和理解无穷的长句，其中大半是从未听说过的4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?（西安交大2008研）AA.treeB.crashC.typewriterD.bang3Crash是个缩略语，typewriter是复合词，bang是拟声词，5.ThefunctionsoflanguagedoNOTinclude________.（大连外院2008研）CA.informativefunctionB.interpersonalfunctionC.metacognitivefunction语言的主要功能是寒暄功能、指示功能、信息功能、疑问功能、表达功能、施为功能和劝说功能6.Themostimportantsociologicaluseoflanguageisthe_______function,bywhichpeopleestablishandmaintaintheirstatusinasociety.（西安外院2006研）BA.performativeB.interpersonalC.phaticD.metalingual7.Saussuretooka(n)________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma______pointofview.（西安交大2008研）AA.sociological...psychologicalB.psychological...sociologicalC.applied...pragmaticD.semantic...linguistic索绪尔的语言指语言社团中的语言，所以是从社会的角度研究语言。乔姆斯基是从使用者本身掌握的语言知识研究语言，是从心理角度研究语言。8.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.（西安交大2008研）CA.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language9.Thestudyofphysicalpropertiesofthe