PET考试之非谓语知识点汇总

一，非谓语动词含义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。二，形式功能1，动词不定式：todoWeplantopayavisit.我们计划去参观。Hewantstobeanartist.他想成为一个艺术家。不定式在句子中充当的成分（1）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.灰心意味着失败动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.灰心意味着失败。常用句式有：1、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo2、It+is+adj.+ofsb+todo形容词常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise（2）作表语：Herjobistocleanthehall.她的工作是打扫大厅。Heappearstohavecaughtacold.他似乎感冒了。（3）作宾语：常见动词后面加todo的有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer（4）作宾语补足语：如下动词常接双宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.注：有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.我看见他横过公路。Hewasseentocrosstheroad.他被我看见横过公路。2，动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。动名词的形式：V.-ing否定式：not+动名词Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。（一般式）Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（被动式）Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。（完成式）HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（完成被动式）Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。（否定式）如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免），excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认），mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险），appreciate（感激），bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp（情不自禁地），thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…（from），protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike3，分词现在分词：基本形式是doing过去分词：基本形式是done（1）表示主动/被动的概念表示“令人......的”，用现在分词；表示“感到......的”或“受到......的”，用过去分词。例：Thecompetitionisquiteexciting.Hewasexcitedwhenheheardthenews.（2）表示“正在......的”或“即将......的”，用现在分词；表示“已经......的”，用过去分词。例：Theretiringteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.Theretiredsoldierdiedlastmonth.练习：1，Theydon’tallowpeoplehere.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.tosmoking2，onthesofa,myfatherwasreadingthenewspaper.A.SatB.SeatC.TositD.Sitting3,Peteris,,awalkingdictionary.A.sototellB.tosaysoC.sotospeakD.sototalk4,Iwon’tconsidermyjobatthistime.A.quitB.toquitC.quittingD.toquitting5,You’dbetterhavethatbadtoothoutA.pullB.topullC.tobepulledD.pulled6,Itisnecessarythatworktoday.A.tohimtodoB.ofhimtodoC.forhimtodoD.ofhimdoing7.Itisverykindso.A.foryoutodoB.ofyoutodoC.toyoutodoD.foryoudoing8,Strictly,yourwritingispoor.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spoken9,withhissister’sgrades,hisgradesarenotsogood.A.CompareB.ComparedC.ComparingD.Bycomparing10,Imeantyou,butIforgot.A.tosayB.sayingC.totellD.telling11,Youridea,althoughquitegood,needsout.A.tryB.totryC.tryingD.beingtried12,Theboystoodatthesightofblood.A.horrifiedB.horribleC.tohorrifyD.horrifying13,DoesanyoneMarklivehere?A.callB.calledC.tocallD.calling14,Shekneltdownbeforehim,withtearsdownherface.A.streamingB.tostreamingC.streamD.streamed15,Doyouunderstandthelanguageonthatisland?A.tospeakB.speakingC.isspokenD.spoken答案：BDCCDCBCBCCABADAAAAD