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§2.6红外谱图解析各官能团的特征吸收是解析谱图的基础(1)首先依据谱图推出化合物碳架类型(2)分析3300~2800cm1区域C-H伸缩振动吸收以3000cm1为界:高于3000cm1为不饱和碳C-H伸缩振动吸收可能为烯,炔,芳香化合物低于3000cm1一般为饱和C-H伸缩振动吸收(3)若在稍高于3000cm1有吸收,则应在2250~1450cm1频区分析不饱和碳碳键的伸缩振动吸收特征峰炔2200~2100cm1烯1680~1640cm1芳环1600,1580,1500,1450cm1烯或芳香化合物则应解析指纹区1000~650cm1频区以确定取代基个数和位置(5)解析时应注意把描述各官能团的相关峰联系起来,以准确判定官能团的存在如2820,2720和1750~1700cm1的三个峰说明醛基的存在(4)碳骨架类型确定后,再依据其他官能团,如C=O,O-H,C-N等特征吸收来判定化合物的官能团例1化合物C8H8O的红外谱图1)不饱和度:(8228)2=5大于4,一般有苯环,C6H53)1710cm1,C=O,2820,2720cm1,醛基CH3CHO2)3000cm1以上,不饱和C-H伸缩可能为烯,炔,芳香化合物1600,1580cm1,含有苯环指纹区780,690cm1,间位取代苯4)结合化合物的分子式此化合物为间甲基苯甲醛例2C3H4O1)不饱和度:(3224)2=2可能为烯,炔及含有羰基的化合物2)3300cm1处宽带,羟基结合1040cm1处的吸收,可推测含有O-H,由此可排除含有羰基的可能性3)2110cm1处的吸收,可知此化合物有碳碳三键吸收结合化合物的分子式可知此化合物为2-丙炔醇CHCCH2OH例3C7H8O1)不饱和度:(7228)2=4可能含有苯环2)3000cm1以上,以及1600,1500cm1表明含有苯环(-C6H5)770,700cm1表明苯环取代为单取代3)分子式为C7H8O,除去苯环(-C6H5),取代基为CH3O,苯甲醚(?)苯甲醇(?)3300cm1(),1250,1040cm1()芳香脂肪醚C-O的吸收表明此化合物为苯甲醚CH3CH2COOH例4:1)不:12)3000,O-H;酸930,O-H,3)1700,C=O4)1230,C-O例5:1)不:12)3350,3180,-NH21680,1580,伯酰胺CH3CNH2OCH2CHCN例61)不:32)2240,3300(×),CN3)3100,1620,C=C4)975,870单取代烯CH2CHC6H13例71)不:12)3008,1650烯3)990,910单取代烯烃CHCH3CH3例8:1)不:42)3050;1600,1500760,700单取代苯3)1380异丙基CH2CH3CH3例9:1)800对位取代CHCH3OHCH3CH2例10:1)不:02)3340,1100醇3)借助其它方法OCH3CH3例11:1)不:42)3000,1600,1500苯3)3300(×),1250,1050芳香脂肪醚4)750,邻位取代CCH2CH3O例12:1)不:52)苯;3)1685,共轭C=O4)C6H5-C=O-5)NMRCCH3CH3OCHCHOCH3CH3例13:1)不:12)2820,2720;1730醛3)C3H7-;1380异丙基4)NMRCheck§2.7拉曼光谱仪简介拉曼光谱来源于电磁辐射(光)场与分子诱导偶极的相互作用,是由具有对称分布的键的对称振动引起的。而红外光谱来源于分子偶极矩变化,是由分子的不对称振动引起。两种技术包含的信息通常是互补的。当原子间的某个键产生一个很强的红外信号时,对应的拉曼信号则较弱甚至没有,反之亦然。因此,两种方法互相配合,可作为判断化合物结构的重要手段。拉曼光谱技术具有非破坏性、几乎不需要样品制备,可直接测定气体、液体和固体样品,并且可用水作溶剂,因此在含水溶液、不饱和碳氢化合物、药品、聚合物结构、生物和无机物质等的分析方面比红外光谱分析法优越。SPECTROMETERLASERSAMPLEeEAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL0oN1qP3sR5uS7wU9yWbzYdB#fD$gF&iH*kJ)mL+oM1qO3sQ5tS7vU9xWazYcB#eD!gF%iH*kI)mK+oM1pO3rQ4tS6vU8xVazXcBZeC!gE%iG*jI)lK+nM0pO2rQ4tR6vT8xVayXcAZdC!fE%hG&jI(lK-nL0pN2rP4sR6uT8wV9yXbAZdC#fE$hG&jH(lJ-mL0oN2qP3sR5uT7wU9yWbAYdB#fD$hF&iH(kJ-mL+oN1qP3sQ5uS7vU9xWbzYcB#eD$gF%iH*kJ)mK+oM1qO3rQ5tS7vU8xWazYcBZeD!gF%iG*kI)lK+nM1pO2rQ4tS6vT8xVazXcAZeC!gE%hG*jI)lK-nM0pO2rP4tR6uT8wVayXbAZdC!fE$hG&jI(lJ-nL0pN2qP4sR6uT7wV9yXbAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL0oN1qP3sR5uS7wU9yWbzYdB#fD$gF&iH(kJ)mL+oM1qO3sQ5tS7vU9xWazYcB#eD!gF%iH*kI)mK+oM1pO3rQ5tS6vU8xVazXcBZeC!gE%iG*jI)lK+nM4sR6uT7wV9yXbAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL0oN1qP3sR5uS7wU9yWbzYdB#fD$gF&iH(kJ)mL+oM1qO3sQ5tS7vU9xWazYcB#eD!gF%iH*kI)mK+oM1pO3rQ5tS6vU8xVazXcBZeC!gE%iG*jI)lK+nM0pO2rQ4tR6vT8xVayXcAZeC!fE%hG&jI(lK-nL0pN2rP4sR6uT8wV9yXbAZdC#fE$hG&jH(lJ-nL0oN2qP4sR5uT7wU9yWbAYdB#fD$hF&iH(kJ-mL+oN1qP3sQ5uS7wU9xWbzYdB#eD$gF%iH*kJ)mK+oM1qO3rQ5tS7vU8xWazYcBZeD!gF%iG*kI)mK+nM1pO2rQ4tS6vT8xVazXcAZeC!gE%hG*jI)lK-nM0pO2rP4tR6vT8wVayXbAZdC!fE$hG&jI(lJ-nL0pN2qP4sR6uT7wV9yXbAYdC#fE$hF&jH(kJ-mL0oN1qP3sR5uS7wU9yWbzYdB#fD$gF&iH(kJ)mL+oN1qO3sQ5uS7vU9xWazYcB#eD!gF%iH*kI)mK+oM1pO3rQ5tS6vU8xWazXcBZeD!gE%iG*jI)lK+nM0pO2rQ4tR6vT8xVayXcAZeC!fE%hG*jI(lK-nM0pN2rP4sR6uT8wV9yXbAZdC#fE$hG&jH(lJ-nL0oN2qP4sR5uT7wV9yWbAYdB#fD$hF&iH(kJ-mL+oN1qP3sQ5uS7wU9xWbzYdB#eD$gF&iH*kJ)mK+oM1qO3rQ5tS7vU8xWazYcBZeD!gF%iG*kI)mK+nM1pO3rQ4tS6vU8xVazXcAZeC!gE%hG*jI)lK-nM0pO2rP4tR6vT8wVayXcAZdC!fE%hG&jI(lJ-nL0pN2qP4sR6uT7wV9yXbAYdC#fE$hF&jH(lJ-mL0oN2qP3sR5uS7wU9yWbzYdB#fD$gF&iH(kJ)mL+oN1qO3sQ5uS7vU9xWbzYcB#eD!gF%iH*kI)mK+oM1pO3rQ5tS6vU8xWazXcBZeD!gE%iG*kI)lK+nM0pO2rQ4tR6vT8xVayXcAZeC!fE%hG*jI(lK-nM0pN2rP4tR6uT8wV9yXbAZdC#fE$hG&jH(lJ-nL0oN2qP4sR5uT7wV9yWbAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL3rQ5tS6vU8xWazXcBZeD!gE%iG*kI)lK+nM0pO2rQ4tR6vT8xVayXcAZeC!fE%hG*jI(lK-nM0pN2rP4tR6uT8wV9yXbAZdC#fE$hG&jH(lJ-nL0oN2qP4sR5uT7wV9yWbAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL+oN1qP3sQ5uS7wU9xWbzYdB#eD$gF&iH*kJ)mL+oM1qO3sQ5tS7vU8xWazYcBZeD!gF%iG*kI)mK+nM1pO3rQ4tS6vU8xVazXcBZeC!gE%hG*jI)lK-nM0pO2rP4tR6vT8wVayXcAZdC!fE%hG&jI(lK-nL0pN2qP4sR6uT7wV9yXbAYdC#fE$hF&jH(lJ-mL0oN2qP3sR5uT7wU9yWbzYdB#fD$gF&iH(kJ)mL+oN1qO3sQ5uS7vU9xWbzYcB#eD$gF%iH*kI)mK+oM1pO3rQ5tS6vU8xWazXcBZeD!gE%iG*kI)lK+nM1pO2rQ4tS6vT8xVayXcAZeC!fE%hG*jI(lK-nM0pN2rP4tR6uT8wVayXbAZdC!fE$hG&jH(lJ-nL0oN2qP4sR5uT7wV9yWbAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL0oN1qP3sQ5uS7wU9xWbzYdB#eD$gF&iH*kJ)mL+oM1qO3sQ5tS7vU9xWazYcBZeD!gF%iG*kI)mK+nM1pO3rQ4tS6vUbAZdC!fE$hG&jH(lJ-nL0oN2qP4sR5uT7wV9yWbAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL0oN1qP3sQ5uS7wU9xWbzYdB#eD$gF&iH*kJ)mL+oM1qO3sQ5tS7vU9xWazYcBZeD!gF%iG*kI)mK+nM1pO3rQ4tS6vU8xVazXcBZeC!gE%iG*jI)lK-nM0pO2rP4tR6vT8wVayXcAZdC!fE%hG&jI(lK-nL0pN2rP4sR6uT8wV9yXbAYdC#fE$hF&jH(lJ-mL0oN2qP3sR5uT7wU9yWbAYdB#fD$hF&iH(kJ)mL+oN1qO3sQ5uS7vU9xWbzYcB#eD$gF%iH*kJ)mK+oM1qO3rQ5tS6vU8xWazXcBZeD!gE%iG*kI)lK+nM1pO2rQ4tS6vT8xVazXcAZeC!fE%hG*jI(lK-nM0pN2rP4tR6uT8wVayXbAZdC!fE$hG&jI(lJ-nL0oN2qP4sR5uT7wV9yWbAYdC#fD$hF&jH(kJ-mL0oN1qP3sR5uS7wU9xWbzYdB#eD$gF&iH*kJ)mL+oM1qO3sQ5tS7vU9xWazYcB#eD!gF%iH*kI)mK+nM1pO3rQ4tS6vU8xVazXcBZeC!gE%iG*jI)lK+nM0pO2rQ4tR6vT8wVayXcAZdC!fE%hG&jI(lK-nL0pN2rP4sR6uT8wV9yXbAZdC#fE$hF&jH(lJ-mL0oN2qP3sR5uT7wU9yWbAYdB#fD$hF&iH(kM1pO3rQ4tS6vU8xVazXcBZeC!gE%iG*jI)lK+nM0pO2rQ4tR6vT8wVayXcAZdC!fE%hG&jI(lK-nL0pN2rP4sR6uT8wV9yXbAZdC#fE$hF&jH(lJ-mL0oN2qP3sR5uT7wU9yWbAYdB#fD$hF&iH(kJ-mL+oN1qO3sQ5uS7vU9xWbzYcB#eD$gF%iH*kJ)mK+oM1qO3rQ5tS7vU8xWazXcBZeD!gE%
本文标题:红外谱图-各官能团的特征吸收是谱图的基础
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