混淆的视觉黑麋鹿的危机旅程及布雷克

1、混淆的視覺：黑麋鹿的危機旅程及布雷克、柯爾律治、愛倫坡、蘭波的浪漫來世1TroubledVisions:BlackElk'sCrisisJourneyandtheRomanticOtherworldsofBlake,Coleridge,PoeandRimbaud混淆的視覺：黑麋鹿的危機旅程及布雷克、柯爾律治、愛倫坡、蘭波的浪漫來世KurtClineDepartmentofEnglish,NationalTaipeiUniversityofTechnologyABSTRACTTheGreatVisionofBlackElk,theOglalaSiouxholyman,isprobablythemostcomprehensivetextualrenderingofashamanicinitiationexperience,oftencalledacrisisjourney,thatwehaveavailabletousinEnglish.Suchcrisisjourneynarrativesoftendescribedreadinternships,inwhichtheapprentic。

2、eshamanistakentotheOtherworldtobeblessedwiththepowertohealandchargedwiththeresponsibilitytousethisgiftwisely.BlackElk'sGreatVisionisdoublyacrisisinthatitinvolvesnotonlyBlackElk’spersonalanguishbutalsothelargercrisisofBlackElk'speople.IexaminetheroleofvisionforBlackElkandtheunderlyingphilosophyofhisGreatVision,notinginparticularthefunctionofotherwordlyvoicesinconstruingthevision'snarrative,aswellasthefunctionofthevision'ssubsequentperformancebeforeBlackElk'stribe.Employingthemotifofthecrisisjourn。

3、ey,IthenexaminepoeticworksofBlake,Coleridge,PoeandRimbaudtoshowhowearlyandlateRomanticvisionsarelikewiseproblematizedbytheculturalcrisisoftheirageandlocale.ThevisionsofthelateRomantics,moreenigmaticthansymbolic,revealapainedrelationshiptothenaturalworld,tospirituality,andtovisionitself.PlacedalongsideBlackElk'scrisisjourney,theydemonstratewhathappenstoshamanicvisionwhenitistransplantedtoanalienclime,showingasetofchangingperspectivesonthepartialusesandvariationsoftheshamanicasitispresseddowntowar。

4、dsmodern,alienatingculture.2臺北科技大學學報第四十一之一期Keywords：Romanticism,Shamanism,Gnosticism,Hermeticism,SymbolistPoetry,ConsciousnessStudies.投稿受理時間：96年6月23日審查通過時間：97年4月18日摘要由美國印地安聖人黑糜鹿創作的「高瞻遠矚」可說是對於通靈體驗啟蒙最完整的文本，在英文裡通稱為危機旅程。這個危機旅程的敘述，通常描寫令人聞之喪膽的通靈實習，因為通靈學徒會被送到”另一個世界”去得到治病的能力並且必須負責明智地運用這項天份。黑糜鹿的「高瞻遠矚」裡有加倍的危機，因為它不僅僅有黑糜鹿自己的痛苦，還包括他的人們遭遇的更大的危機。筆者檢視黑糜鹿洞悉者的角色以及「高瞻遠矚」中隱含的哲理，特別針對黑糜鹿的敘述分析來自另一個世界的聲音產生的作用，還有黑糜鹿的部落隨後的反應產生的作用。I.Introduction:RomanticismandtheRecuperationofShamanicVisionEarlyinthepre-historyofhumansoci。

5、etiesaschismarosebetweentheolderhunter-gatherertribesandthenewlyemergingagrarian-basedcultures.EvengreatlyarchaicculturessuchasthoseoftheEgyptiansandBabylonians,cosmopolitanandagrarian-basedastheyare,demonstrateatensionwithifnotanoutrightdisdainfortheoldhunter-gathererways.Perhapsmostsignificantasamarkerinthisculturalsturm-und-drang,thisbattlebetweenoldandnew,wastheincreasinglymoreheavilyenforcedhegemonyofthenew,monolithicreligionsastheyestablishedthemselvesincontrastwithandofteninoppositiontoth。

6、emoredecentralizedspiritualtraditionsofthehunter-gatherertribes,thetrulyaboriginalpeopleofthisplanet.Theoldshamanictraditionsaretreated,thoughnotwithoutsomeinitialtrepidation,firstwithsuspicionandthenwithincreasingcontemptbyalloftheoldworld’snewmonolithiccultures,andthisprejudicehasextendedevenintothepresentday.Butwhileitmightbeclaimedthatthisdistancingofthenewculturalparadigmfromtheoneimmediatelyprecedingitwasinsomerespectshealthfulandnecessary—sinceitmarkedanevolutionawayfromsuperstitionandmyt。

7、hicthinkingandtowardgreaterrationality—wemightneverthelessnotethatintheirfailuretofullyintegratewhatwasvaluableintheoldshamanicworldview,thenewagrarian-basedcultures,whilegainingpowersofdiscrimination,alsolostsomethingofgreatworthintheexchange.混淆的視覺：黑麋鹿的危機旅程及布雷克、柯爾律治、愛倫坡、蘭波的浪漫來世3Inthe19thCenturyinthewesternworldtherationalimpulsethatbeganwithParmenideshadreacheditsapex.Itseemedthatscience,ashumanity’ssimulacrumofthatgreaterratiowhichwasGod’s,wasreallygoingtobeabletoexplaintheuniverseinitstotalit。

8、y,oratleastasfarintoitstotalityastheInscrutableDivinecaredforustoinvestigate.ButatexactlythispointinWesternculturethereisapowerfulshift:theRomanticsbegintoinvestigatepreciselywhatthemonolithiccultures,withacoldshudder,hadlongbeforeleftbehind.TheRomanticpoetsfoundinwhatremnantsoftheoldshamanicworldviewtheycouldunearthtoolsfortheexplorationofhumanconsciousnessandpotentialwhichhadbeenforgotten,overlooked,hiddenorallbutdestroyedbytheparadoxicallyregressiveforcesofintellectualprogress.Ifwemayidentify。

9、ashamanicimpulseasthedesiretoobtainspecialinformationfromeitheralteredstatesofconsciousnessorotherworldsandtheirinhabitants,andtousethisinformationforthehealingofbothoneselfandone'scommunity,thenwemayrightlysaythattheshamanicimpulsewastakenupintheWest,fromthetimeoftheRomanEmpireuntilthetimeoftheRomanticsinesotericspiritualtraditionssuchasGnosticism,HermeticismandRosicrucianism.Inhisintegrationofimaginativeandempiricalrealms,theRenaissancemagicianis,likeRimbaud'sseer-poet,theSupremeScientist(Rimb。

10、aud102).Butalthoughtheshaman'sroleasmagicianandseerintribalsocietiesiscondoned—evenifrestrictedthroughcertaintaboos--themagicianintheWesternworldhasbeenstigmatized.Whilethemostancientshamanistictraditionofhunter-gatherertribesislinkedwithanimismandworshipofthemothergoddess,Hermeticism--whichrepresentsadesiredreturntothesevalues--hadtobemaintainedasasecrettraditioninthemonolithicallymonotheisticcultureinwhichitarose.Gnostics,Hermetics,AlchemistsandRosicrucianswerecastintoarebelmodenotsharedbythesh。