六路抢答器的PLC控制

编号：桂林电子科技大学信息科技学院实训设计(论文)说明书题目：六路抢答器的PLC控制系别：机电工程系专业：机械电子工程学生姓名：施狄学号：1053200127指导教师：廖晓梅职称：高级工程师题目类型：理论研究实验研究工程设计工程技术研究软件开发应用研究2012年12月18日√I摘要随着我国经济和文化实业的发展，在很多公开竞争场合要求有公正的竞争裁决，诸如证券、股票交易及各种智力竞赛等，因此出现了抢答器。最初的抢答器是由优先权编码器构成的逻辑电路，其运算速度慢，线路复杂，可靠性不高，功能也比较简单，特别是当抢答路数很多时，实现起来就更加困难。因此，一种能够体现竞赛的公开、公平、公正性的知识竞赛抢答器成为一种需求。本设计将以PLC为核心设计了系统结构图、程序指令、梯形图以及输入输出端子的分配方案，在保留了原始抢答器的基本功能的同时又增加一系列的实用功能并增加了触摸屏画面及其密码保护，其将以其控制方便，灵活，只要改变输入触摸屏的数据，便可改变竞赛抢答器的抢答方案，从而使得竞赛不断完善其公平、公正性。关键词：三菱PLC；竞技抢答器；八段译码器IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofChina'seconomyandcultureIndustrialfaircompetitionrulingrequiredinmanypublicarenas,suchassecurities,stockexchange,andavarietyofquizResponder.InitialResponderisconstitutedbythepriorityencoderlogiccircuit,itsoperationspeedisslow,thecircuitcomplexity,reliabilityisnothigh,thefunctionisalsorelativelysimple,especiallywhenalotofResponderones,itismoredifficulttoachievethem.Therefore,onecanreflectthecontestopen,fairandimpartialityoftheknowledgecontestResponderbecomeademand.ThedesignwillbePLCasthecoredesignofthesystemstructure,programinstructions,ladder,aswellasinputandoutputterminalallocationschemeandincreasetherangeofusefulfeatures,retainedthebasicfunctionsoftheoriginalRespondertouchscreenscreenandpasswordprotection,itscontrolconvenientandflexible,aslongasthechangeintheinputdataofthetouchscreen,youcanchangethecontestResponderResponderprogramconstantlyimproveitsfairness,impartialityofmakingcontest.Keywords:Panasonicprogrammablelogiccontroller;competitiveresponder;eightdecoderIII目录引言················································································11控制要求与总设计方案······················································11.1抢答器控制要求································································11.2触摸屏画面要求································································21.3总体设计方案··································································21.4设计方案论证··································································22系统设计······································································22.1PLC简介·······································································22.1.1PLC的基本组成·······························································32.1.2PLC的工作原理·······························································32.1.3PLC的选型····································································42.2PLC的IO地址分配·····························································52.3控制系统的流程图······························································62.4梯形图设计与分析······························································62.4.1主程序设计···································································62.4.2违规抢答设计·································································72.4.3抢答程序设计·································································72.4.4时间显示的程序设计··························································83触摸屏密保设计······························································83.1密码保护梯形图设计及分析·····················································83.2触摸屏设计·····································································94硬件电路设计································································114.1硬件分析······································································114.274LS48译码器·························································124.3八段数码管···························································135程序调试及分析·····························································135.1软件调试······································································145.2硬件调试······································································146结论·········································································14谢辞············································································16参考文献·········································································17附录············································································18桂林电子科技大学信息科技学院毕业设计（论文）说明书第1页共21页引言可编程控制器是以计算机为核心的通用自动控制装置，它的功能强、可靠性极强、编程简单、使用方便、体积小。现已广泛应用于工业控制的各个领域，它以微处理器为核心，用编写的程序进行逻辑控制、定时、记数和算术运算等，并通过数字量和模拟量的输入/输出来控制机械设备或生产过程。目前国内外市场上已有很多类型的知识竞赛抢答器，其大致采用模拟电路、数字电路、单片机或者PLC芯片、计算机控制系统等四类产品。对于采用模拟电路或者数字电路的产品，其技术相当成熟。但是随着功能的增多，电路也越复杂，并且成本偏高，故障率高，显示方式简单或者没有，无法准确判断抢按按钮的行为，也不便于参数调节及其功能的升级换代。对于计算机控制系统来说，其程序简单，反应灵敏，便于参数调节及其功能的升级换代，但鉴于其必须配合计算机实用，可操作性差，没有得到广泛的应用。而对于科技飞速发展的今天，PLC、单片机应用的不断深入，带动了传统控制检测技术的不断更新，并鉴于其本身具有的优点，以PLC、单片机为核心的部件成为主流。PLC的学习比一般编程学习困难在于，要完成一个控制系统不仅需要掌握一定的编程技术，更为重要的是要知道如何针对实际应用的需要选择合适的PLC型号，然后进行资源配置，设计控制系统。本设计是利用可编程控制器PLC作为载体的一套六路抢答器装置。可编程控制器PLC是一种数字运算操作电子系统，专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用了可编程序的存储器，用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、技数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过数字的、模拟的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。其具有：可靠性高，抗干扰能力强；通用性强，使用方便；功能强；系统组合灵活方便；对生产工艺改变适应性强；安装方便、调试方便、维护工作量小等特点。本设计是应用PLC为控制控制核心的六路抢答器，具有反应迅速，结构简单，成本低等特点。1控制要求与总体设计方案1.1抢答题控制要求（1）6个队可同时参加抢答。（2）裁判台设有裁判灯和报警灯，并且设有裁判台开始按钮SB0和裁判台复位按钮SB7；参赛台设有参赛台抢答按钮以及参赛台灯。1-6号参赛台分别对应按钮SB1-SB6及参赛台灯EL1-EL6。（3）知识竞赛抢答器能适合以下比赛规则：出题后，各队抢答必须在裁判说出“开始”并按下裁判台的开始按钮SB0后20s内抢答，并由数码管显示时间。如提前抢答，抢答器发出“违规”信号。20s时间到，如无队抢答，则抢答器给出时间已到信号，该题作废。在有队抢答的情况下，则