物流英语名词解释

1.purchasing采购Purchasingreferstoafunctioninbusinesswherebytheenterpriseobtainstheinputsforwhatitproduces,aswellasothergoodsandservicesitrequires.2.efficiency效率，功效Efficiencyreferstothestateorqualityofbeingefficient.3.bondedwarehouse保税仓库Abondedwarehouseisawarehouseinwhichgoodsarestoredwithoutexciseorcustomsdutiesbeingpaiduntilandunlesstheyareremovedfromthewarehousetoenterthecountry.4.customerservice客户服务Customerserviceisthesetofbehaviorsthatabusinessundertakesduringitsinteractionwithitscustomers.5.consistency一致性Consistencyreferstoafirm’sabilitytoperformattheexpecteddeliverytimeoveralargenumberofperformancecycles.6.convenienceproducts便利型产品Convenienceproductsarethosegoodsandservicesthatcustomerspurchasefrequently,immediately,andwithlittlecomparativeshopping.7.zeroinventory零库存ZeroinventoriesisatermusedtodescribeaJust-In–TimeInventoryControlsystemwhereemphasisisplacedonreducinginventorytominimallevelstoreducecostsandpromoteorganizationaleffectiveness.Thiscanresultinsizableprofitincrease.8.variablecosts可变成本Theyarethosecoststhatchangeinapredictable,directmannerinrelationtosomelevelofactivityduringatimeperiod.9.obsolescence损耗Obsolescencemeansthedeteriorationofproductinstoragewhichisnotcoveredbyinsurance.10.lotquantityformulation批量公式Lotquantityformulationsidentifytheprecisequantitiesatwhichtheannualcombinedtotalcostoforderingandmaintenanceislowestforagivensalesvolume.11.consumerpackaging消费性包装Consumerpackagingmainlyaimsatcontainingthegoods,promotingthesaleofitandfacilitatinguseofitanditisoflittlevaluetologisticsoperation.12.franchise专营权Itistheformalpermissiontosellacompany’sgoodsorservicesinaparticulararea.13.supplychainmanagement供应链管理Supplychainmanagementismanagingtheflowofmaterialsacrossthesupplychain,frompreparingtherawmaterialstosupplyingthefinishedproducttothecustomer,aswellastherelatedcounterblowofinformation,regardingcontrollingandrecordingofmaterialsmovement.14.FirstMate大副Anofficerwhohastherankjustbelowcaptainonashipthatisnotamilitaryship.15.BillofLading提单Areceiptgivenbythecarriertotheshipperacknowledgingreceiptofthegoodsbeingshippedandspecifyingthetermsofdelivery.16.supplychainmanagement供应链管理Supplychainmanagementistheprocessthatintegratescoordinatesandcontrolsthemovementsofmaterials,finishedinventoryandrelatedinformationfromsuppliersthroughcompaniestomeetconsumerrequirements.17.Third-PartyLogistics第三方物流Athirdpartylogisticsprovider(abbreviatedTPL)isafirmthatprovidesoutsourcedor“thirdparty”logisticsservicestocompaniesforpartorcometimesalloftheirsupplychainmanagementfunction.18.unitization单元化tocombineanumberofpackagesintooneunitbystraping,banding,shrinking,wrappingorotherwiseattachingthemtogether.19.logistics物流Logisticsisthatpartofsupplychainprocessthatplans,implementsandcontrolstheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,serviceandrelatedinformationfromthepointoforigintothepointofconsumptiontomeetustomers’requirements.20.Third-PartyLogisticsprovider第三方物流供应商TPLprovideristhecompanyofferingcustomsabeginning-to-endincludesupplychainamanangement,includingcontractedlogistics,freigntforwarding,warehousing,transportationanddistribution,awideragneofinformationtechnologysystemsandothervalue-servicesandcustomizedsolutions.21.shoppingproducts购买型产品Shoppingproductsarethoseforwhichconsumersarewillingtoseekandcompare:comparinginmanylocations,theprice,quality,andperformance,andmakingapurchaseonlyaftercarefuldeliberation.22.logistics物流Logisticsisapartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implementsandcontrolstheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,serviceandrelatedinformationfromthepointoforigintothepointofconsumptiontomeetcustomers’requirements.23.supplychainmanagement供应链管理Supplychainmanagementmeanstheprocessthatintegratesco-ordinatesandcontrolsthemovementofmaterials,finishedinventoryandrelatedinformationfromsuppliersthroughcompaniestomeetconsumerrequirements.24.obsolescence损耗Obsolescencemeansthedeteriorationofproductinstoragewhichisnotcoveredbyinsurance.25.availability可用性Availabilityisthecapacitytohaveinventorywhenitisdesiredbyacustomer.26.convenienceproducts便利型产品Convenienceproductsarethosegoodsandservicesthatconsumerspurchasefrequently,immediately,andwithlittlecomparativeshopping.27.consistency一致性Consistencyreferstoafirm’sabilitytoperformattheexpecteddeliverytimeoveralargenumberofperformancecycles.28.variablecosts可变成本Variablecostsarethosecoststhatchangeinapredictable,directmannerinrelationtosomelevelofactivityduringatimeperiod.29.specialtyproducts特殊产品Specialtyproductsarethoseforwhichbuyersarewillingtoexpendasubstantialeffortandoftentowaitasignificantamountoftimeinordertoacquirethem.30.externalsupplychains外部供应链Externalsupplychainsaretheprocesseswhereinternalsupplychainscanbeextendedtothetotalnetworkwhereanorganizationfindsitselfin.31.customerservice客户服务Customerserviceisaprocessofprovidingsignificantvalue-addedbenefitstothesupplychaininacost-effectiveway.32.operationalflexibility业务灵活性Operationalflexibilityreferstoafirm’sabilitytohandleextraordinarycustomerservicerequests.33.demandforecasting需求预测Demandforecastingaddressestheneedfo