基于团队的可用性测试介绍（英文PPT）

IntroductiontoTeam-basedUsabilityTesting“Ascompaniesdesignmoreforusabilityandunderstanding,theywilldiscoveracompetitiveedge,fortheseprinciplessavecustomerstimeandmoneywhileincreasingmorale.”-DonaldNormanObjectivesUsabilityoverviewSettingobjectivesPreparingthetestplanConductingthetestUsabilityUsability“meansthatthepeoplewhousetheproductcandosoquicklyandeasilytoaccomplishtheirowntasks.”-RedishandDumas,APracticalGuidetoUsabilityTestingUsabilityIsnotfunctionality-FunctionalityishowthesystemworksIsnotbetatesting-BetatestingisunfocusedandatendofprocessIsnotmarketresearch-MarketresearchisaboutcustomerdemandsWhentotestDesignphase-surveysandfocusgroups-lowfidelityprototypetesting-highfidelityprototypetesting-heuristicevaluationDevelopmentphase-usabilityevaluationAdvantagesofausabilitylabLabishelpfulfortightlycontrollingthevariablesLabhelpscapturelow-leveldetails-keyboardmonitoring-videotapingforlateranalysis-eyemovementtrackingLabsallowlessintrusiveobservationsDisadvantagesofausabilitylabLabsareintimidatingtousersLabsarerarelyportablesotheycannotgointotheusers’environmentSometimeslow-levelinformationisnotasimportantasmakinghigh-leveldesigndecisionsLabsareexpensiveHowlongwillthetesttake?Howmuchusabilitytestinghasalreadyoccurred?-Haveusersbeenprofiled?-Hasataskanalysisoccurred?-Haveusabilityobjectivesbeenset?Howcomplexistheproduct?Howmuchoftheproductareyougoingtotest?Howlongwillthetesttake?Howmanytestparticipantsdoyouneedtogettheinformationyouwant?Howmuchtrainingorpriorexperiencedoesthetestteamhavewiththeproduct?Howmanydifferentusabilityobjectivesdoyouneedtotest?Whoshouldrunthetest?Themostsuccessfulapproachtousabilitytestingisacross-functional,team-basedapproach-Peoplebringvaryingexpertisetotheteam-Allgroupsbenefitfromexperiencewithusers-InterpretationofchallengesanddesigndecisionsaremorecreativewithteamsWhoshouldrunthetest?Team-basedtestingprovidesagreatwaytogetsupportinvolvedearlyDeveloperslearnto“hear”userquestionswhentheydesignWritersandtrainerscanhelpdesigncommunicationintotheproductHumanfactorsexpertsanduserinterfacedesignerscanprovidehelpfulprinciplesaboutusersanddesignWhoshouldrunthetest?MorepeoplecanbeinvolvedinplanningthetestthaninconductingthetestTarget3-5peopleforconductingthetestSometimesbestifthedevelopersarenotactivelyinvolvedinrunningthetest,althoughtheyshouldobserveifpossibleHowdoyouensuresuccess?Youneedthebuy-inofuppermanagementiftheresultsaretobeappliedYouneedthecooperationofdevelopmenttoensuretheydon’tfeelattackedYouneedthesupportofmarketing,sales,andproductmanagementforfundingYouneedthesupportofyourimmediatemanagertospendtimetestingHowdoyouensuresuccess?PickamanageableportionoftheproducttotestSelectahigh-profileprojectSelectanareathatwillproducesignificantresultsAdvertiseyoursuccesses(becomepartofthesalesstory)StagesofausabilitytestSettingobjectivesCreatingthetestplanCreatingquestionnairesSelectingtestparticipantsTrainingtheteamConductingthepilottestConductingthetestsUsabilityobjectivesCreatedduringuser/taskanalysisandproductscopingMustbemeasurableShouldindicate:-Typeofuser-Tasktobeperformed-SpecificperformancecriteriaDefiningusabilityobjectivesFiveattributesofusability(Nielsen,1994):-Learnability:systemiseasytolearnsouserscangetstartedquickly-Efficiency:systemshouldbeeasytouse,resultinginhighproductivity-Memorability:systemshouldbeeasytoremember-Errors:systemshouldhavelowerrorrateandallowerrorrecovery-Satisfaction:systemshouldbepleasanttouseExamplesNovicePCuserscanchangetheinkcartridgeintheircolorinkjetprinterinlessthan5minutesusingtheusermanualUserswillbeabletoinstallandconfigurethedefaultapplicationinlessthan15minutesUsersshouldratetheproductaseither“easytouse”or“veryeasytouse”(4orhigherona5pointscale)ConsiderationsAsingleusabilityobjectivemayresultinmultipledesigndecisionsEmphasizesimportanceofhavingcross-functionalteamFocusonobjectivethataremostimportanttothesuccessoftheproductTestplanExplainswhatyouaretestingandhowyouwillconductthetestDonotskipthisstep-Importanttohaveaplanthateveryonecanagreetoandunderstand-HelpscommunicateyourintentionstoothersintheorganizationDonotoverdothisstepTestplanPurpose-Whyareyouconductingthetest?ProblemStatement/TestObjectives-Whatusabilityobjectivesareyoutesting?UserProfile-Whoareyourusersandtheirdefiningcharacteristics?TestplanMethod-DetailshowyouwillrunthetestTaskList-Listofthetaskstobecompleted,projectedtimesforcompletion,requiredstateofsystemtotesttasksTestEnvironment/Equipment-ListwhatyouneedtoconductthetestTestplanTestTeamRoles-DefinewhateachpersonwilldoEvaluationMeasures-WhatdatayouwillcollectthroughthetestConclusion-Whatwillhappenafterthetest-reports,designmeetings,presentationsPre-testquestionnaireEnsurethatparticipantmeetsuserprofileGatheradditionaldetailabouttheparticipants’knowledgeandexperiencePost-taskquestionnaireAsksquestionsaboutataskassoonasitiscompletedCapturesfeedbackwhenitisfreshCanhelpmeasurechangeinattitudetowardthetaskKeepitshortPost-testquestionnaireMeasuresatisfact