英语被动语态的用法

A.主动语态表示主语是动作的_______。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的_______。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.执行者承受者(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。e.g.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。e.g.ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。1.Peopleuseaknifeforcuttingthings.Aknife_________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom______________twiceamonth.isusedarecleaned3.Chineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.Manygoldmedals_________byChineseathletes.werewonWespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.将来，城市会建造新医院Inthefuture,anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.明年几千棵树会被种在小山上。Thousandsoftreeswillbeplantedonthehillnextyear.Theywillfinishtheworksoon.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)soon.Myfatherwillnotpunishmeformymistake.Iwill/shallnotbepunishedbymyfatherformymistake.1.Won’twaterbeturnedintoicewhenitisbelowfreezing?2.---Willtheworkbefinishedatonce?---Yes,itwill.Whenwillthesebooksbepublished?Whomwillthisbookbewrittenby?1.Nobody______________(allow)toenterthestadiumwithoutaticket.2.Children_______________(notallow)tomakeanoiseandupsetthecompetitors.Iftheydo,they________________(takeaway)fromthestadium.Rulesfortheaudiencewillbeallowedwon’tbeallowedwillbetakenaway3.Noanimals______________(allow)inthestadium.4.Cheatingbyathletes___________________(notexcuse).They__________(tell)toleaveand_______________(punish).5.Nosmoking_____________(allow),ifyouarediscovered,you___________(fine).willbeallowedwillnotbewillbetoldexcusedwillbepunishedwillbeallowedwillbefined1.Thework______soon.A.willbefinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.willfinishD.finishes2.I______ifIfinishtheworkwithinoneday.A.shallbepraisedB.wouldpraiseC.willpraiseD.praise3.Thesefilms______untiltomorrowmorning.A.can’tdevelopB.aren’tdevelopingC.won’tbedevelopedD.won’tdevelop4.Hundredsofjobs______ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose5.—Apartyisgoingto______tonight.Wouldyouliketogowithme?—I’dliketo,butIhavetolookaftermysickmother.A.organizeB.havebeenorganizedC.beorganizingD.beorganized6.Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areusedThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态Lookatthefollowingsentence,payattentiontotheunderlinedpart.Example:OvertimeIhavebeenchangedalot.Canyoufindoutmorethantwosentencesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage?1.IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold.2.Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3.Ihavebeenevenputintospacerockets...1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型：主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.2.现在完成时被动语态否定句句型：主语+have/has+not+been+过去分词Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.Manyworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.Ⅱ.句型：3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?Thebuildings,destroy,earthquakeThebuildingshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake.Makingupsentencesusingpresentperfectpassivevoice:【即学即练】1.machinereplacecomputerThemachinehasbeenreplacedbythecomputer.2.newbridge,build,inourcityAnewbridgehasbeenbuiltinourcity.3.Manytreeshavebeenplantedalongtheroad.manytrees,plant,alongtheroad4.1.表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果。Thedoorhasbeenlocked.2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于Howlong...?句型中。Ⅲ.用法:EXAMPLE1.Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.2.Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?现在完成时的标志:recently/already/yet/for+一段时间/since+时间点【点津】注意1.只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。例如:happen,takeplace,die,appear,disappear,fail,remain,lie,last,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,belongto等。Whathashappenedtoyourbrother?2.但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。Thechildhasbeentakengoodcareofbyhisgrandmaalltheseyears.Anoticehasbeenputuponthewall.3.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()Howlongagowasthisbookbought?()×√用被动语态改写下列句子。1.Theyhaveopenedthreetrainingcentersinthiscitybynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.Anewlibraryandagymnasiumhavebeenbuiltinourschoolthisyear(byus).Threetrainingcentershavebeenopenedinthiscity(bythem)bynow.3.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.4.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.Aplanhasbeenmadebythemtohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.AlotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheHopeProjectbythegovernment.改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemsh