英语专业美国文学期末考试复习资料--个人整理

一ColonialAmerica1.ThefirstEnglishcolony:JamestowninVirginiain16072Puritanism:InfluenceonAmericanvaluesystem:simplicity,freedom,independence,hardwork,etc.3AnneBradstreet，oncecalled“TenthMuse”二ReasonandRevolution1.BenjaminFranklin---PoorRichard’sAlmanacModeledonfarmers’annualcalendar;keptpublishingformanyyears;includesmanyclassicalsayings,2.ThomasPaineCommonSense:astrongpushfortheRevolutionWarfourparts(Britishenslavementofthecolonies;praisingdemocraticelection;America’seconomicandmilitarypotentialtoprotecttherightsofpeople)三RomanticismAnexpressionofanindividual’sfeelingandexperiences;imagination&natureThefirstliteraryRenaissance,inthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Itstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.1.WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)(1)Literarystatus:thefirstAmericantoearnaninternationalreputation;FatheroftheAmericanshortstories(2)Towshortstories----“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”:AmericanizedversionsofEuropeanfolktales,fromGermanlegends,butachievingadistinctAmericantoneandtheme(3)TheSketchBook:ThefirstmodernshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature,winninghiminternationalpopularity2.JamesFenimoreCooperthefirstmajorAmericanwritertodealimaginativelywithAmericanlife,acriticofthepolitical,socialandreligiousproblemsoftheday.LeatherstockingTalesIncluding:ThePioneers,TheLastoftheMohicans,ThePrairie,ThePathfinder,TheDeerslayerCentreCharacter:NattyBumppo(anidealromantically;variousnames:Leatherstocking,Deerslayer,Pathfinder,Hawkeye;withtwonobleredmen:MohicanChiefChingachgookandhisson,Uncas)3.WilliamCullenBryantLiterarystatus:oneofAmerica’searliestnaturalistpoets;“theAmericanWordsworth”mostfamouspoems:“Thanatopsis”;“ToaWaterfowl”4.EdgarAllenPoeTheRaven:Thepoemisaverse-narrativeandhas108linesin18stanzas.TranscendentalismNature’svoicepushedAmericanRomanticismintoanewphase,thephaseofNewEnglandTranscendentalism,thesummitofAmericanRomanticism.5.HenryDavidThoreauLiterarystatus:athoroughpractitionerofTranscendentalism;greatlyinfluencedbyEmerson(moreradical)CivilDisobedience(在什么情况下写的：没交战争税，入狱)Walden(Waldenisafaithfulrecordofhisreflectionswhenhewasinsolitarycommunionwithnature,aneloquentindicationthathenotonlyembracedEmerson’sTranscendentalistphilosophybutwentevenfurthertoillustratethatpantheisticqualityofnature.)6NathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetter《红字》(asimplebutverymovingstoryinwhichfourpeoplelivinginaPuritancommunityareinvolvedinandaffectedbythesinofadulteryindifferentways,showingthereaderthetensionbetweensocietyandindividuals)7.HermanMelvilleamasterofallegoryandsymbolismmostofhisnovelsbasedonseasailorsandadventureexceptTheConfidence-Man(1857)Literaryachievements:MobyDick四Realism1WaltWhitman---Innovativepoeticform:“freeverse自由体诗”(poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme;intriguingthereader’sownimagination);alooserandmoreopen-endedsyntacticalstructure;linesandsentencesofdifferentlengths;fewcompoundsentences2.TheodoreDreiser(填空题)(1)欲望三部曲TheFinancierTheTitanTheStoic(2)AmericanTragedy为什么叫美国悲剧-------典型地反应了当时美国人对财富的追求2.MarkTwain(1)TheGildedAge《镀金时代》:writtenincollaborationwithCharlesDudleyWarner,exploringtheindividualisminaworldofunstablevalues,namingtheget-rich-quickyearsofthepost-CivilWar(2).MarkTwain的贡献：makingcolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofthecountry3.HenryJames(1)thefirstAmericanwritertoconceivehiscareerininternationaltermsInternationalthemes：theclashesbetweentwodifferentculturesandtheemotionalandmoralproblemsofAmericansinEurope,orEuropeansinAmerica主题：innerworld(2)ThePortraitofALady-------ItincarnatestheclashbetweentheOldWorldandtheNewWorldinthelifejourneyofanAmericangirlinaEuropeanenvironment(3)Internationaltheme--AmericaninnocenceinfaceofEuropeansophistication4.BretHarteinthe1860swasthefirstAmericanwriteroflocalcolortoachievewidepopularity,presentingstoriesofwesternminingtownswithcolorfulgambles,outlaws,andscandalous.5.Naturalismemphasizedheredityandenvironmentasimportantdeterministicforcesshapingindividualizedcharacterswhowerepresentedinspecialanddetailedcircumstances.Atbottom,lifewasshowntobeironiceventragic五Twentieth-CenturyLiterature1.ScottFitzgerald(1)了不起的盖尔茨比反应了那个年代-----JazzAge2.RobertFrost(填空题)（1）RobertFrosthadrejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries,choosinginsteadtheold-fashionedwaytobenew.HeemployedtheplainspeechofruralNewEnglandersandpreferredtheshort,traditionalformsoflyricandnarrative.（2）AfterApple-PickingOfapple-Picking:IamovertiredOfthegreatharvestImyselfdesired.Whatisthetwosentencesimply?Thespeakerisindifferenttowhatheoncedesired.3TheimagistMovementflourishedfrom1908to1917andinvolvedquiteanumberofBritishandAmericanwritersandpoets4.PoundAPact契约(EzarPound)主要表达了意思5.Withtheslowdisintegrationofoldprejudicescamethe“HarlemRenaissance”aburstofliteraryachievementinthe1920sbyNegroplaywrights,poets,andnovelistswhopresentednewinsightsintotheAmericanexperienceandpreparedthewayfortheemergenceofnumerousblackwritersafter