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第四讲状语从句一、明备考方向语法填空常考点1.when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别;2.名词词组theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;3.before和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;4.till和until的用法;5.although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough引导让步状语从句的用法;6.结果状语从句中“so...that”与“such...that”的区别;7.条件状语从句unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;8.“疑问词+ever”和“nomatter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;9.where引导的状语从句;10.与祈使句、定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.if与although/though的误用;2.unless与until的误用;3.when与until的误用;4.when与since的误用;5.although/though与because的误用;6.although/though与but的误用;7.after与while/when的误用;8.since与though/although的误用;9.after与since的误用;10.when与where的误用。1.表示“一……就……”的句式(1)themoment/theminute/theinstant...,+主句(2)nosooner...than.../hardly...when...(3)assoonas...+主句2.not...until...“直到……才……”3.Itwillbe/was+一段时间+before...“过……(时间)才……”4.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句“自从……以来多长时间了”5.everytime/eachtime...“每次……”6.so...that.../such...that...“如此……以至于……”二、攻重点难点(一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词及重点句式1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when,whenever,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,assoonas,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,immediately,instantly,themoment,every/eachtime等。2.在掌握时间状语从句时,要注意以下几个重点句式:(5)Nosooner+had+主语+过去分词...than...(正常语序:主语+hadnosooner+过去分词+than...)“一……就……”(1)not...until...“直到……才……”(2)It+willbe/was+一段时间+before...“过……(时间)才……”(3)It+is/hasbeen+一段时间+since...“自从……以来多长时间了”(4)It+was+notlongbefore...“不久……就……”(6)Hardly/Scarcely+had+主语+过去分词...when...(正常语序:主语+hadhardly/scarcely+过去分词+when...)“一……就……”WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.在别人工作的时候,请别这么大声音说话。ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.=Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。(二)引导条件状语从句的从属连词的用法引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless(除非),aslongas/solongas(只要),incase(以防,万一),onlyif(要是……就好了),onconditionthat,providing/provided(that),suppose/supposing(that)等。1.if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件,意为“如果”;unless(=if...not)表示反面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”。Ifwegoonpollutingtheenvironment,theearthwon'tbefitforustolivein.如果我们继续污染环境,地球将不再适合我们居住。You'llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard(=ifyoudon'tstudyhard).除非你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。2.incase,onconditionthat,providing(that),provided(that),supposing(that),suppose(that)等词汇意思相近,意为“万一,假使,假如,在……条件下”。Incasethereisafire,whatwillwedofirst?万一发生火灾,我们首先要做什么?Suppose/Supposing(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁?Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.他们同意把车借给我们,条件是我们在周末前归还。3.aslongas(=solongas)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句,意为“只要”。Aslongasyoudon'tloseheart,youwillsucceed.只要你不灰心,就会成功。(三)引导原因状语从句的从属连词的用法1.because语气最强,表示必然的因果关系,用来回答why的提问;2.since语气稍弱,表示对方已知的原因或事实,意为“既然;因为;由于”,相当于now(that);3.as语气最弱,往往不是明显的原因,只是对结果的附带说明。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since(既然,因为),now(that)(既然),seeing(that),inthat等。IwasabsentfromthemeetingbecauseIwasill.因为我病了,所以我缺席了这次会议。Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。Now(that)/Sinceeverybodyishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都在这里,我们开始开会吧。(四)引导让步状语从句的从属连词的用法引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:although,though,as,evenif/though(尽管,即使),while(然而),whether...or(not),however,whatever,whoever,nomatterhow/what/who等。1.although/though(尽管,虽然),evenif/though(即使)引导的让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。evenif与eventhough表示“尽管,即使”时,有退一步设想的意味。二者引导让步状语从句时,可用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。Although/Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.虽然正下着大雨,但他们还是继续踢足球。Evenif/thoughitisraining,we'llgothere.(陈述语气)即使下雨,我们也要去那里。Evenif/thoughIwerebusy,Iwouldgo.(虚拟语气)即使忙,我也要去。2.as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况as或though引导的从句放在主句之前时,常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。Childas/thoughheis,hecantellthenamesofallthecars.尽管他是个孩子,但他能说出所有车的名字。Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon'tbuyit,forit'stooexpensive.虽然我很喜欢它,但不会买,因为它太贵了。3.whether...or.../whether...ornot(不管……还是……);疑问词+ever与nomatter+疑问词(不管……;无论……)。Ihavedecidedtotakethejoboffer,whetheritisgoodorbad.不管好坏,我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,hewon'tbelieveyou.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么,他都不会相信你。点津:whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever既可以引导状语从句,还可以引导名词性从句。但“nomatter+疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。Youcantakewhateveryoulike.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。4.while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句,相当于although。WhileithasbeenmorethanayearsinceyoutaughtusEnglish,I'vemissedyoualot.(2017·天津高考书面表达)尽管你教我们英语才一年多,我真得很想念您。(五)引导地点状语从句及其他状语从句的从属连词的用法引导地点状语从句的连词有:where,wherever等;引导目的状语从句的连词有:sothat,incase/forfear(that),inorderthat等;引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that,sothat等;引导方式状语从句的连词有:as,asif,asthough等;引导比较状语从句的连词有:as...as,thesameas,morethan...,nomorethan,such...as...等。Weshouldgowherethecountryneedsusmost.我们应到国家最需要我们的地方去。Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。三、练高频题点Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练1.(2018·天津高考改编)Let'snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend___thattheygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.2.(2018·北京高考改编)____wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.3.(2017·北京高考改编)Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople________youfigureitout.soIfuntil/till4.(2016·北京高考改编)Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic______ithelpsm
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