小升初英语---形容词&副词

形容词：修饰名词、代词，说明人或事物的性质、特征或状态。形容词的用法1．作定语。(修饰名词、代词)Ihaveabeautifuldress.Doyouwantsomethingdelicioustoeat?2．作表语。（放于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态）常见系动词：beItwasfineyesterday.Youbookisnew.表示转变为某种状态：go,get,grow,come,become,fall,make,turn,wear等。Itsuddenlybecame（got）dark.Hisfaceturned（went）red.表示保持某种状态：keep,remain,stay,lie,hold,continue等Itisgoingtostayhotforthenextfewdays.Theytrytheirbesttokeepaliveintheforest.表示感觉的系动词：feel,look,smell,sound,seem,taste,know,appear等Thesouptastesdelicious.Thispieceofmusicsoundsbeautiful.3．作宾语补足语。（与宾语构成复合宾语，补充说明宾语，使句意完整）Youmustkeeptheroomwarm.Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.Wholeftthedooropen?Ifoundmatheasy.Youmakemehappy.4．某些形容词前加the表示一类人或事物，相当于名词，可作主语和宾语。（表示一类人，看作复数：表示一类事物，看作单数。）ShelikesthenovelTheRichandThePoor..Thenewalwaysreplacestheold.theoldtheyoungthesickthehealthytheblindthedeafthewhitetheblackthebravethedeadthewoundedthefalsetheeviltheunexpectedtheunknowntheimpossiblethesmooththegoodthebad5．带有形容词结构的句型。Itis+形容词+of+名词、代词（或不定式）常用形容词有：kind,nice,clever,foolish,wise,silly,stupid,cruel,brave,rude,wrong等。It’sverykindofyoutodoso.Itisfoolishofhimnottoacceptyouradvice.Itisbraveofthatboytoadmithismistake.形容词的位置修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般如下：限定词数词形容词冠词/物主代词/指示代词/不定代词基数词/叙述词性质大小/形状新旧/长幼颜色国籍材料the,a(n)/his,their/this,that/some,any……one，two/second,firstgoodFinelargesmallcoldhotredblueChineseEnglishironstoneExample:thatstrongyoungChineseswimmer在下列情况下，形容词应置于被修饰的名词后：（1）表示年龄和度量衡的形容词（old,long,wide等）往往放于所修饰名词后。Theclassroomis8metreslongand4metreswide.（2）复合不定代词（something,anything,everyone,anybody…）＋形容词。There′snothingwrongwiththeelectriccooker.副词：修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、状态或程度。副词的种类时间副词：today,yesterday,now,soon,before,already地点副词：here,there,home,out,abroad,up,down程度副词：almost,enough,very,much,so,too,quite,nearly方式副词：slowly,fast,carefully,badly,well,loudly,quickly频度副词：often,always,usually,sometimes,never,seldom,once疑问副词：when,where,why,how连接副词：so,however,whether,when,where,关系副词：when,where,why,其它副词：also,either,only,perhaps,maybe副词的用法1．作状语。（用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句）Sheisworkinghard.Heistooyoungtodoit.Thegirlswimsquitefar.2．作表语。Myfatherisout.Classisover.3．作定语。（通常放于所修饰的词后）Thenewwordsbelowareeasytoremember.Shealwaysmeetshimonherwayhome.TheweatherhereisveryhotinJuly.4．作宾语补足语。Thecarnearlyknockedthechilddown.MayIaskthegirlin?“Don’tleavemealoneathome,”theboycried.副词的位置1．表示时间地点的副词修饰全句，通常放于句尾（地点在前，时间在后）若强调，时间副词可放于句首。Imetafriendofmyfather’sonthestreetyesterdayafternoon.2．频度副词通常放于主语（或助动词、系动词）之后动词之前。Ourteacherusuallytellsusastoryinclass.Healwayscomeshereandthelasttoleave.3．一般情况下，修饰形容词和副词的程度副词放在形容词和副词前（enough除外）Hedrivestoofast.Ifeelquitewelltoday.Mybrotherisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.4．修饰动词的方式副词一般放于动词之后。Healwayswalksslowlyonhiswayhome.形容词变副词1．在形容词后加ly，以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加ly.slow---slowlycareful---carefullyeasy---easily2．有些形容词本身就可作副词。fast,enough,late,hard等3．有些形容词加ly变副词后，词义改变。hard---hardlylate---lately4．有些虽以ly结尾，但只作形容词。lovely,friendly,brotherly,lively,fatherly,sisterly,lonely,ugly,likely,deadly,orderly5．一些与时间有关的，以ly结尾的词可作形容词，也可作副词。dailyweeklymonthlyyearlyhourly一些常用副词用法的区别1．agobefore2．verytooenough3．muchtootoomuch4．sosuch5．quicklyfastsoon6．howoftenhowlonghowsoon7．almostnearly形容词、副词的级情况比较级最高级例词一般单音节词词尾+er词尾+estlong----longer,longest以e结尾的单音节词词尾+r词尾+stnice----nicer,nicest一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写词尾字母+er双写词尾字母+estbig----bigger,biggest辅音字母+y结尾的词去y+ier去y+iestbusy----busier,busiest多音节和部分双音节词more+...most+...delicious----moredelicious,mostdelicious不规则的词good（well）----better,bestlittle----less,leastmany（much）----more,mostfar----further（farther）,further（farther）ill（bad,badly）----worse,worst形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级1.两者相比（甲=乙），用“as+原级+as”表示DavidisasthinasJack.2.两者相比（甲〈乙），用“notas（so）+原级+as”表示Iamnotas（so）quickasVincent.3.两者相比（甲〉乙），用“比较级+than”表示JackdrivesmuchmorecarefullythanIdo.4.三者或三者以上相比，用最高级（形容词最高级前一定要加the,副词最高级前的the可省略）Whostudies（the）hardestinyourclass?你们班谁学习最努力？Whoisthefastest,June,BettyorMarry?简、贝蒂和玛丽三个人谁最快？一些特殊用法(1)用much、far、still、even、alot、abit等副词来修饰形容词和副词的比较级，表示程度。It'smuchwarmertoday.今天暖和多了。(2)甲+be+比较级+than+anyother+单数名词表示“甲比任何一个…都…”Heisyoungerthananyotherstudent.他比其他学生都小。（3）甲+be+the+比较级+ofthetwo+…表示“甲是两者中较…的”Thebuildingisthehigherofthetwobuildings.这栋楼是这两栋中较高的。（4）比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越......”。ThetreesIplantedlastyeararegrowingtallerandtaller.去年我种的树越长越高了。（5）the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越......,越......”。Thebusiertheoldmanis,theyoungerhefeels.那位老人越忙越年轻。（6）甲+be+oneofthe+最高级+复数名词+in/of+…表示“甲是…中最…之一”Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。（7）倍数+as...as或倍数+比较级+than...表示“…是…的几倍.”Thekindofcarrunstwiceasfastasthatkind.这种汽车比那种汽车跑得快一倍。Mybookisthreetimesthickerthanyours.我的书比你们的书厚三倍。形容词&副词（基础训练）一、写出反义词big__________long__________ugly__________sad__________fine__________good_________fat___________new_________young________tall__________wrong________hungry_______thick_________clean_________heavy_________strong________cold_________dry___________far___________cool_________quiet_________difficult________slow__________careful_______busy_________many_________happy________kind________slow_________polite_________careless________cheap_______二、将下列单词变为比较级和最高级1.small____________________2