新课标高考英语第一轮复习教案第23讲主谓一致

一.教学内容：主谓一致二.本周知识精讲：1、定义：所谓“主谓一致”，就是指谓语在人称和数量上必须受主语的人称和数量的支配。这是英语和汉语在构句里的又一迥异之处。2、主谓一致的种类：（1）语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.Weoftenhelpeachotherandlearnfromeachother.（2）意义上的一致a.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people,police,cattle等。b.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。GreatExpectations_________writtenbyCharlesDickensin1860.形式为复数意义为单数的单词有：news，works，means，TheSelectedPoemsofLiBai，theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations，physics，politics，maths，economics，crossroads，species，series（3）就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。a.并列主语用连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接，谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数量的一致。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher____(enjoy)listeningtothemusic._________(be)eitheryouorhewrong?b.在therebe表存在的句式中，主语为两个或多个名词（短语）并列时，be的形式与最前边的一个名词（短语）一致。There__________apen,twoknivesandseveralbooksonthetable.There__________twoknives,apenandseveralbooksonthetable.3、主谓一致的具体问题：名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。Myfamilyislarge.我的家庭是个大家庭。Myfamilyalllikemusic.我的家人都喜欢音乐。属于这类的集体名词还有：audience,class,club,company,crew,crowd,group,government,party,public,staff等。名词population的使用情况与上面类似。Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.Onethirdofthepopulationinthiscountryenjoydrinkingcoffee.2）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。为单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep,fish,deer,means,works,Chinese,Japanese等。Everymeans___________beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.Allmeans________beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.Thisshoeworks_________setupin1980.Thoseshoeworks_________allsetupin1980.3）当名词词组的中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.TwohundreddollarsgivesJackmuchhelp.4）如果主语由morethanone…或manya…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。Morethanonecomradehasaskedtostay.Manyapassengerwaskilledintheaccident.5）不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词及each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…,manya…andmanya…结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.Manyadeskandmanyabenchistobetakenoutofthehall.[来源:学&科&网]6）表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Thetrousersareinthedrawer.Thereisapairofshoesunderthebed.Thepairofshoesisratherexpensive.Thiskindofbooks_______verypopularwithyoungpeople.比较：Booksofthiskind_________verypopularwithyoungpeople.7）如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,rest,some,neither,none,no等词，所用的谓语动词视情况而定。Someofthepigeons________beenmissing.Someoftheice_________meltedsofar.Allofthewaterinthearea_______beenseriouslypolluted.Allofthebooks________beensoldout.Noneofus________beenthere.Noneofthestolenmoney________beenfoundyet.Therestofthestudents________wateringtrees.Therestofthewine_________gonebad.8）由连接词连接的名词作主语a.用and或both…and连接并列主语，表示不同概念，谓语动词常用复数。Waterandairarebothimportant.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.注意：（1）ironandsteellawandorderbreadandbutter（2）awatchandchainaneedleandthreadacoatandtieaknifeandforkthecartandhorse（3）theworkerandpoetthewriterandteacher（4）Toloveandtobeloved_____thegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly________agoodhabit.b.当主语后面跟有由aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如：Yourfatheraswellasyou______verykindtome.He,likeyouandXiaoLi,______veryclever.MrRobbins,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,______leavingLondonforParis.代词作主语1）such起指示代词的作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如：Suchisourplan.Sucharemyhopes.2）关系代词which,who,that在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。如：Thosewho__________(want)togoaretosignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswho_______(be)goodatmaths.Heistheonlyoneofthechildrenwhooften_________(speak)illofothersbehindtheirbacks.3）疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思来决定单、复数形式。Wholivesnextdoor?It’sXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?It’sZhangandLiu.分数、量词作主语1）“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,halfof”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Morethan70percentofthesurfaceofouterplanet_______coveredbywater.Onethirdofthestudents___________girlsinourgroup.注意：alargequantityof…(large)quantitiesofAlargequantityofpeople___________neededhere.Alargequantityofmoney___________neededhere.[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]Largequantitiesoffood_________gonebad.avarietyofvarietiesof2）Anumberofstudents________goingforapicnicthisweekend.ThenumberofdaysinFebruarythisyear__________28.3）oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfbananas________beeneatenbythechild.名词化的形容词作主语“the＋形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”结构作主语表示一类人时如：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thewounded,theinjured,theunemployed,thedying,theliving等，谓语动词常用复数形式。Theyoung_______moreactivethantheoldinthework.动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguage_____notsodifficultasyouthink.Thathehaswonthegame_________knowntousall.但：Whatweneed______moretime.Whatweneed_______goodteachers.三．高考聚焦：1.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks_________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen2.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts___thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek____goodforone’shealt