新课标高考英语第一轮复习教案第22讲状语从句

一.教学内容：状语从句二.本周知识精讲：专题：状语从句定义：在复合句中，由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类：1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.目的状语从句5.结果状语从句6.条件状语从句7.方式状语从句8.比较状语从句9.让步状语从句1.时间状语从句：（1）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when,while,as,assoonas,once等。when用法小结：when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是表延续性动作的动词，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。如：Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：Somebodywasdoingsomething/wasabouttodo…when…sth./wasonthepointofdoingsth.when…还可以译成“既然”，相当于since;consideringthat。如：Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]Ican’ttellyouanythingwhenyouwon’tlisten.while用法小结：while引导的动作必须是持续性的，“在……期间”。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。I’dliketostudylawatuniversitywhilemycousinprefersgeography.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,whilethequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.while可表示“尽管”，相当于although。WhileIreallydon’tlikeit,Ifindhisworkimpressive.WhileIacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.while可表示“只要”，相当于if。Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.You’llwantfornothingwhileIamalive.as用法小结：表示“随着……”，连词用as，不用when或while。如：Astheelectionapproached,theviolencegotworse.Astimewentby,computersgrewsmaller.“一边……，一边……”从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewent.如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while与as可互换使用。如：When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.（2）表示先或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after,beforewhen(=after)等。After/Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.HehadlearnedEnglishforthreeyearsbeforehewenttoLondon.before用法小结：不久之后就……；来不及就……Beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise.在……之前；才……Wewaitedhalfanhourbeforeabusfinallycame.before的it句型：Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.Itwasalongtimebeforewemetagain.（3）表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有everytime（每次）,eachtime（每次）,whenever（每当）等。Everytimeheisintrouble,hewillturntomeforhelp.Eachtimewecelebrateafestivalitchangesalittle.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.（4）其它时间状语从句的连词：(the)nexttime，（the）lasttime,thefirsttime，themoment,theminute等；immediately、instantly兼做时间状语从句连词，意为“一……就”；hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…；bythetime等ThefirsttimeImether,shewasalittlegirl.Ididn’thaveapennythelasttimeIsawyou.Theboyranawaythemomenthesawtheteachercoming.Hehadnosoonerarrivedtherethanhefellill.=Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.Bythetimehewasfourteen,Einsteinhadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.（5）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since（自从），eversince（自从），until（直到……才/为止），till（直到……才/为止）等。如：Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.（Itis…since…是常用句型）YouhavebeenreadingtomeeversinceJameswentout.MyunclewenttoTibetin1951.Hehasbeenlivingthereeversince.until与till及not…until/till的用法until和till都可表示“直到……为止”，与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如：Hewaiteduntil/tillwefinishedourmeal.Thingswentwelluntil/tillonenightanaccidenthappened.当until和till表示“直到……才……”时，通常与短暂性动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。如：Ididn’tleaveuntil/till/beforeshecameback.Untilhetoldme,Iknewnothingaboutit.（不用till）notuntil位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序：NotuntilshecamebackdidIleave.在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.2.地点状语从句地点状语从句是由where（在……的地方）,wherever（无论哪里）引导的：WuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Hewouldkeepintouchwithuswhereverhewas.3.原因状语从句表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）,because(因为),since（既然）,now(that)（既然）,for,consideringthat（顾及到）,seeingthat（由于）等连词引导：IdoitbecauseIlikeit.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.Nowthat/Sinceyouareallhere,let’stryandreachadecision.Asshewasill,shedidn’tcometotheparty.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.4.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat（以便）,inorderthat（为了）,forfearthat（以便）,incase（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等。如：Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat（从句中不带情态动词）,so…that（如此……以致……）,such…that（如此……以致……）等。Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothat/sohedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch=Jennyissocleveragirlthat…但是，当名词前有many,much,few,little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。例如：IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.[来源:学科网ZXXK]Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’taffordalittlepresent.6.条件状语从句表示条件的状语从句可以由if,unless,incase,so/aslongas,as/sofaras,onconditionthat,suppose,supposing（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.Sendusamessageincaseyouhavea