必修34Astronmythescienceofthestars讲2019年高考英语一轮复习讲练测W

单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1．astronomyn．天文学→astronomern．天文学家2．systemn．系统；体系；制度3．theoryn．学说；理论→theoreticaladj.理论上的4．globen．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球性的；全世界的5．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.猛烈地6．atmospheren．大气层；气氛7．unlikeprep.不同；不像→dislikevt.不喜欢8．presencen．出席；到场；存在→presentadj.&n.&v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的→harmn．危害，害处→harmlessadj.无害的10．existvi.存在，生存→existencen．存在，生存11．puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzledadj.迷惑的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的12．gravityn．万有引力；重力13．satelliten．卫星；人造卫星14．climaten．气候15．spaceshipn．宇宙飞船16．pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物18．massn．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众重点短语1．intime及时；终于2．layeggs下蛋晨读范文背诵背诵这篇范文注意划线部分的用法今年清明节，为了缅怀先烈，激发学生们的爱国和学习热情，学校组织了学生去烈士陵园扫墓。扫墓活动包括：1．7：30在学校大门口集合；3．givebirthto产生；分娩4．inone’sturn轮到某人；接着5．preventfrom阻止；制止6．blockout挡住(光线)7．cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋8．nowthat既然9．breakout突发；爆发10．watchout密切注视；当心；提防11．cooldown冷却12．aswellas也；还有……13．dependon依靠；依赖，取决于14．getcloseto靠近经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1．Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。2．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。3.walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习必备语法（高级句型）动词时态语态2．每人准备一束小白花；3．清扫烈士墓；4．向烈士默哀；5．缅怀先烈，并在烈士墓前宣誓：努力学习，振兴中华。请根据汉语提示写一篇英语日记。注意：1.请使用规范英语，词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯。参考词汇：烈士martyr；墓地cemetery[必背范文]SundaySunnyOntheTomb­SweepingDay，ourschoolorganizedanactivitywherethestudentswenttocleanthemartyrcemeteryinmemoryoftherevolutionarymartyrsanditcouldinspireustoloveourmotherlandandourpassionoflearning.At7：30am，wegottogetherattheschoolgateandwewenttherebybus.Onarrivalatthecemetery，wecleanedthegravesandpresentedthelittlewhiteflowerstothemartyrs.Aftercleaningwestoodsilentlytorememberthemandsworethatwewouldneverforgetourheroesandworkhardtomakeournationstronger.Atlast，wetookphotostogether.Whatameaningfuldaywespent!语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点-1．harmfuladj.有害的，伤害的【教材原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。【例句研读】(1)Fruitjuicecan______________________children‘steeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)Whathedid_________hisreputation.他所做的损害了他的名声。(3)Hemaylookfierce,buthe_____________________.他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。【答案】(1)beharmfulto(2)harmed(3)meansnoharm【拓展归纳】harmn．&vt.损伤；伤害harmlessadj.无害的harmlessnessn.无害beharmfulto对……有害dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利Thereis(no)harmin(sb.‘s)doingsth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。Itdoes(no)harm(forsb.)todosth.(对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。meannoharm没有恶意【即时巩固】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。(1).Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.每个人都知道吸烟有害健康。(2).Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotof______.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。（3）Readinginthesunisvery______toyoureyes.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。【答案】(1)harmful(2)harm(3)harmful考点-2layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)【教材原句】Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.它们一般通过孵蛋而繁衍后代。【例句研读】(1)He______hishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。(2)Whoshouldwe______theblameon?我们该责备谁?(3)He_____stressontheimportanceofbeingontime他强调准时的重要性。【答案】(1)laid(2)lay(3)laid【拓展归纳】layeggs下蛋laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.责备某人laythetable摆桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重点放在某事上辨析：lievi.说谎lied-lied-lyinglievi.位于，躺lay-lain–lying【即时巩固】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1.Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.2.Hewould______somemoneyasideforrainydays.3.Thenaughtyboy_______(lie)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie)therejustnowhad______(lay)twoeggsthedaybefore.4.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe________，withoutundressing.A．waslayingB．waslyingC．hadlaidD．hadlied【答案】1.lays2.lay3.lied;lay;laid4.B考点-3．existvi.存在；生存【教材原句】Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。【例句研读】(1)Doeslife______onMars?火星上有生命吗?(2)Icanhardly____________thewageI’mgetting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。(3)Idoubtthe______ofalien.我怀疑外星人的存在【答案】(1)exist(2)existon(3)existence【拓展归纳】existencen.存在existonsth.靠某物生存Thereexists……comeintoexistence开始存在【即时巩固】1.Theworkerearnedlittlemoneyamonth，sohehadto________onlyfastnoodles.A．existonB．existinC．lieinD．lieon【答案】A2.Earthisarockyplanetwherethereisliquidwater，whichisnecessaryforlifeto________.A．comeB．existC．standD．happen【答案】B【解析】exist存在。come来到；stand站立；happen发生。根据句意选B。考点-4puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题【教材原句】Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上的生命是如何开始的是科学家们一直认为最大的迷团之一。【例句研读】(1)Herreply________me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。(2)Theirreasonfordoingitisstill______________tome.他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。(3)Toexplainthe________findings,heofferstwotheories.他提出了两个理论来解释这个令人困惑的发现。【答案】(1)puzzled(2)apuzzle(3)puzzling【拓展归纳】puzzledadj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzlingadj.令人费解的sth.puzzlessb.某事使某人迷惑/为难sb.bepuzzledbysth.某人对……感到迷惑puzzleabout/oversth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）puzzleone’sbrain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁solveapuzzle解决一个难题【即时巩固】(1)._____________________(使我困惑的事情)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.(2).I______________(puzzle)thatIhaven’theardfromLizforsolong.(3).Shelistenedwitha_______(puzzle)expressiononherface.(4).Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe_______(puzzle)ofhowlifebegan.【答案】(1)Whatpuzzlesme(2)a