高考英语阅读理解技巧方法讲解

阅读体裁经过多年的发展与创新，高考英语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语篇的词数(2、3百词)都相对稳定。阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章。材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体裁）高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度；7、根据所读，用恰当的词语概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。得分不高的主要问题1.语言知识问题1).词汇量不达标,识记的单词太少2).语法基础较差2.背景知识问题3.分析能力问题4.心理因素问题有些学生在阅读中因粗心大意而导致失误。“阅读理解”解题步骤：做到先题后文，即在阅读短文之前先读题，然后再带着问题去读短文。运用“先题后文”法时要注意：1.先读题时只能读问题或题干，不读问题后的选项。2.读题时要把问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读短文。3.在带着问题读短文时，对文中出现的那些与问题有关的词句，用笔作些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准备。4.读完短文之后，紧接着便选择答案。1.细节理解2.推理判断3.词义猜测4.主旨大意与篇章结构题型及解题技巧考向一事实认定类1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2．判断是非的形式。含有true/false，nottrue/false或except等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3．以“accordingto...”开头的提问形式。4．填空形式。常见问题形式有：1.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc.?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT___.5.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat____.6.Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo________.7.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept…?8.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis.A．greenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarmingD．risingsealevelsSample1…reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.connecttoAccordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis.A．greenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsB．highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC．continuousglobalwarmingD．risingsealevelsSample1Sample2WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，…BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.takenSample2WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.moved考向二数字计算类数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等方面的数字计算。Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000SampleTuitionFees(学费)Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:[e-mail](住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:[e-mail]$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000．Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000Sample考向三顺序排列类排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序。Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcadSamplePeoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore,ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyou'relookingfortoothpicks,youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist,andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.Finally,youcangototheself-checkstandandpayforwhatyoubought.bacdWhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcadSample总结：1.直接信息题——根据题干定位，找出与原文对应的正确选项；2.间接信息题——根据题干有针对性地查找原文，通过理解原文的意思，通过近义词或反义词等找到与原文信息相关的选项；3.时间排序题——在文章中勾出各个选项，并写上对应字母或数字，通过在文章中出现的顺序排序；4.数字计算题——根据题干找到对应信息，根据题目要求进行仔细运算。1.推断隐含意义2.推断作者观点或态度3.推断写作目的4.推断文章出处5.推断文脉逻辑关系阅读推理判断题常见问题形式:1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______2.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat____3.Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthormeans_____4.Wecanconcludethat_________.5.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat_____.2.技巧点拨1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择明说的表层信息Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhimSampleWhentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ButshewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,”Areyousingle?“Why,yes.Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought_____