英语写作基础教案修辞篇

IV.IdiomsRefinedandsanctifiedbylongusage,idiomshavebeendescribedasthecrystallizationoflanguage.Withoutidiomsourlanguagewouldbecomedullanddry,whereasanappropriateuseoftheminourspeechandwritingwilladdtothestrengthandvividnessposedoffewwords,containanextremelyprofoundandrichmeaning;foranothermostidiomscarryavividimage.Anidiomisafixedgroupofwordswithaspecialmeaningwhichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofthewordsthatformit.To“readabook”,forinstance,isnotanidiom,forthemeaningofthephraseisthemeaningsofthethreewordsputtogether,and“abook”canbereplacedbyotherwordslike“anewspaper”or“amagazine”.To“readbetweenthelines”isdifferent.Thefourwordsthatformtheidiomgivenohintastowhatitmeansandnoneofthewordscanbechangedtoformanotherunderstandablephrase.Englishisrichinidioms.Thefollowingtypesofidiomsaremostcommon:1.Phrasalverbse.g.putupwith:tolerate;livewithturnout:provelookforwardto:expectcarryon:conductortransactcomeacross:beconfrontedwith2.N.+prep.+n.e.g.astrawinthewind:aslighthintthatshowswhichwaythingsmaydeveloptheappleofone’seye:sb.orsth.dearlylovedlikeafishoutofwater:feeluncomfortableorawkwardbecauseofbeinginunfamiliarsurroundingsinaworldofone’sown:livealifeoffantasywithoutcommunicatingwithotherpeople;inprivate3.Prep.+n.e.g.inkind:(ofpayment)ingoodsornaturalproduce,notinmoneyontheair:broadcastingatlength:eventually,atlast;ingreatdetail(comeoff/through)withflyingcolors:makeagreatsuccessofsth.4.V.+n.e.g.won’tholdwater:(oftheories)tobenotsoundwhentestedslipone’smind:forgetkilltwobirdswithonestone:gettwicetheresultwithhalfeffortgotothedogs:(ofanorganization,institution,etc.)changesothatitisnolongerasefficient,productive,etc.asbefore5.As…as…e.g.asbigaslife:asbigastheactualsizeof…(Believeitornot,hewashereyesterday~.)aseasyaspie/ABCasdifferentasnightandday/blackandwhiteaspoorasachurchmouseasinnocentasanangel2aswiseasSolomonascunningasafox/anapeasgreedyasaJew/bearascruelasatigerasstubbornasabear/muleashardasrock/stoneassteadyasironasroundasaballaslightasair/afeatherasredasroseassilentastheSphinxasrichasamillionaireassoftassilkaswhiteassnowasdarkascoal/pitch/inkasproudasapeacock/roosterascoolascucumberascoldasiceasheavyasleadasswiftasanantelope/windasmerryasalark/cricket/king/princeassillyasanass/agooseasstrongasahorse/anoxasmuteasafishasnimbleasagoatasclearascrystalasbraveasalionasblindasabatasbusyasabeeasscarceaschickenteethasslipperyasaneelasfirmasrockastimidasahare/rabbitasfitasafiddleasgoodasgold6.Pairsofwordse.g.(tostand)wearandtear:tolastwellhighanddry:(ofaship)stranded;agroundHelefther~inastrangecountrywithoutanymoney.touch-and-go:uncertainastotheresultItwas~whetherwewouldgettotheairportintime.Thepatientisoutofdangernow,butitwas~[i.e.uncertainwhetherhewouldsurvive]forawhile.(tohavesth.done)inblackandwhite:(haveit)recordedinwritingorprint3safeandsoundfairandsquarevimandvigorfairorfoulpotsandpansoddsandendswealandwoethicksandthinsatsixesandsevensTweedledumandTweedledeeneitherfishnorfleshtomindone’sP’sandQ’shitherandthither7.SayingsOneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.Astitchintimesavesnine.Takeitorleaveit.Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched:Firstcatchyourhare,thencookit.Torunaftertwohares,youcancatchneither.Whenthecat’saway,themicewillplay.Jackofalltradesandmasterofnone.Graspall,loseall.Manproposes,Goddisposes.Oncebit/bitten,twiceshy.Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.Thespiritiswilling,butthefleshisweak.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Whenthereislife,thereishope.Thechildisfatheroftheman.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.Don’tyouseethewritingonthewall?Nocross,nocrown.Anidleyouth,aneedyage.Followlove,anditwillflee;fleelove,anditwillpursue.Asyousow,sowillyoureap.Manyapicklemakesanickel.Moneymakesthemaretogo.V.FiguresofSpeech(修辞手法)Wordsusedintheiroriginalmeaningsareusedliterary,whilewordsusedinextendedmeaningsforthepurposeofmakingcomparisonsorcallinguppicturesinthereader’sorlistener’smindareusedfiguratively.AsaChineseidiomgoes,“Withallitsbeautythepeonyneedsthegreenofitsleavestosetitoff.”Therichandcolorfulcontentofwritingcanbeexpressedthroughsuchartisticdevicesas4figuresofspeech,whichcontributemuchtoitsexpressiveandemotionalpower.Aknowledgeofvariousfiguresofspeechcommonlyusedinwritingwillhelpusnotonlytoappreciatebeautyoflanguage,butalsolearntousethevariousrhetoricalfiguresinourownwriting.Themostcommonoffiguresofspeecharethefollowing:1.SimileSimileisadirectcomparison,inwhichsubject,referenceandindicatorofresemblanceareallpresent,itsformulabeing:Subject+indicatorofresemblance+reference.Timeflieslikeanarrow.Onedayapartseemslikethreeyears―tomisssomebodyverymuch.likeaducktowater:tofeeljustlikeafishinwater.asdryassawdust:Itislikechewingwax―insipid.likeacatonhotbricks:likeanantonahotpan.Heissomethingofamusician/apoliticalchameleon.softasdove’sdown―WilliamShakespearefreeasmountainwinds(Ibid.)rapidastheshadowofacloud―ThomasHardyhappyasarosetreeinsunshine―WilliamM.ThackerayIwanderedlonelyasacloud―WilliamWordsworth2.MetaphorMetaphorisanimpliedcomparisoninwhichbothsubjectandreferenceareused,butnoindicatorofresemblance.Metaphorismoreadvancedthansimile,forcompa