英语句子成分分析及五大基本句式

英语句子成分句子成分思维导图句子成分定义：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。1.ImetmybestfriendTomatschoolyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语（subject）①表明句子说的是谁或什么情况②一般可由名词,动名词,动词不定式,代词,数词等充当•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisimportanttohaveahealthylifestyle.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，不定式才是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tlikedancing.找出句中谓语Wearebothquiet.Igetupatsixo’clock.Icanplaytheguitar.Theydidn’texerciseyesterday.（动词）（动词词组）（助动词+动词）(情态动词+动词）Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysentthepoortohospital.TheywantedtogotoHainan.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语①动作的对象或承受者——一般位于及物动词或介词的后面②宾语一般可由名词,动名词,动词不定式,代词,数词等充当（不定式）（动名词）（句子）•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.Hewritesaletter.Thankyou.Ihateskating.I’mplanningtotakeavacation.Itdependsonwhereyouare.（名词）(代词）(动名词)找出句中宾语（不定式）（宾语从句）（四）表语（1）在系动词后的部分就是表语①be动词②感官系动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel)③变化系动词（译成“变得”get,grow,turn,become）④持续系动词（译成“保持”keep,stay,remain）（2）一般可由名词,形容词,动名词,动词不定式,代词,数词,介词短语等充当1.Iamadoctor.2.Thatsoundsinteresting.3.Pleasekeepquiet.4.Wewillbecomesuccessful.5.Idon’tfeelwell.1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweathergetscold.4.Thespeechisexciting.5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?找出句中表语（名词）（代词）（形容词）(分词）（数词）（五）定语①修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句②一般可由形容词,非谓语动词,名词,数词,冠词,介词短语等充当•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherisreadingastorybook.•Thereare57studentsinourclass.•Doyouknowbetty’ssister?•Hehasagoodeatinghabit.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhoshoppedjustnow?（六）状语①用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分②一般可由副词或介词短语充当•Wewillhaverobotsathomein10years.•Theyareplayinginthepark.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Isawherplayingthepianointhemorning.•Hemadetheboycry.（七）宾语补足语①在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。②名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。（八）同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词代词数词从句简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（1）Thesunrises.太阳升起来。（2）Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了。rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。2.主语+谓语+宾语(主谓宾)Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.3.主语+系动词+表语(主系表)（1）Herbrotherisadriver.（2）Wefeelhappy.（feel为系动词，表示感到……）（3）Itgetsdark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得）（4）Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来）4.主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾)HegivesTomapresent.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。Mothermakeanewdressforme.（双宾语）妈妈为我做了一件衣服。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)TheycallherMary.（宾补）他们叫她Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑八下unit1测验（二）成绩分析全年级201班202班100分21人5人2人90分以上76人18人14人80分以上119人27人22人满分：刘沁卢意诗贺豆豆王子珊周佰穗90以上：黄勤刘映妮李心茹陈永涛王婧刘沁铭叶越谢欢罗立涛刘梓茹王梓明曾冠张峻滔80以上：古诗丘紫梦梁定鑫傅敬雯丘天赐黄唯深张洋曾培舒魏楚琳满分：钟雅慧王雅文90以上：张彬兵张艺能李欣妍张璨黄景锋朱思琪温鸿宇李旬婧王钰池苏淇皓廖紫薇蔡彩钰80以上：赖昕媛王玺渊黄俊彬房馨雨李姝雅蔡兆祥叶彦丰余鑫国