电子倍增CCD星相机的设计

18620106OpticsandPrecisionEngineeringVol.18No.6Jun.2010:2009-03-23;:2009-04-27.:8631004-924X(2010)06-1396-08CCD何家维1,2,何昕1,魏仲慧1,耿玉芝1,王一凡1(1.中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京100039):,CCD(EMCCD),EMCCD,EMCCD,TC285CCD,CCD,8ms6,10frame/s,:电子倍增CCD;CCD星相机;微光探测;TC285:TN386.5;V447.3:Adoi:10.3788/OPE.20101806.1396DesignofEMCCDcamerasforstardetectionHEJia-wei1,2,HEXin1,WEIZhong-hui1,GENGYu-zhi1,WANGY-ifan1(1.ChangchunInstituteofOptics,FineMechanicsandPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Changchun130033,China;2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,China)Abstract:Animagingsysteminastartcamerawithhigherdetectionabilityandfasterdataupdatafre-quencywasdesignedbasedonaElectronMultiplyingCCD(EMCCD).Tomeettheperformancere-quirementsofthespacenavigationforstarcameras,EMCCDtechnologieswerediscussedintheoreticalandengineeringaspects.Then,theworkingprincipleofEMCCDanditsSNRwereanalyzed.BasedonTC285EMCCD,adesignschemeforthestarcamerawasdescribedandtheCCDdrivingcircuit,TVsignalprocesingcircuitandatimingcontrollerinthecameraweregiven.Furthermore,thecameraper-formancewasverifiedbysimulationandexperimentalmethodsanditsapplicationswereanalyzedpr-imarily.Byanalyzingtheexperimentalimages,itisconcludedthatthecameracandetecttheMv6starsintheintegrationtimeof8ms,anditsimagedataupdatafrequencycanreach10frame/s.Thesere-sultsmeettherapidimagingrequirementsinshortintegrationtime.Keywords:ElectronMultiplyingCCD(EMCCD);CCDstarcamera;low-light-leveldetection;TC2851引言,,,,,,,,,,;,,,[1],,,(ElectronicMult-iplyingCCD)CCD(ICCDEBCCDTDICCD),EMC-CDCCD,CCD,EMCCD[2]EMCCD,,EMCCDEMCCD,,2EMCCD原理与TC285的特点2.1EMCCDEMCCD[3]CCD(CCM),,EMCCD,1EMCCD1EMCCDFig.1StructureofEMCCDCCM,,(1.0%1.6%),CCMEMCCDM:M=(1+g)N,(1):g;N,g,EMCCDM2.2EMCCDEMCCD13976,:CCD5(shot),,;(dark),,[4];(read),,CCD;(clc),,;EMCCD,,F,F=2out/2inM2,M,out,inEMCCD:N=2read+F2M2(2dark+2shot+2clc),(2)clc[5],dark=DT,shot=QP,:N=2read+F2M2(2dark+2shot)=2read+F2M2(DT+QP),(3):M,D(pixel),T,Q,PEMCCDSQPM,,EMCCD:S/N=QP/2read/M2+F2(DT+QP),(4)CCDS/N=QP/2read+DT+QP,MCCM,EMC-CD,,F1.41[6](TC285F1.4),,EMCCDCCD2.3TC285TC285TICCD,EMCCD,400CCM,[7]:(1)1004(H)1002(V),8m8m;(2)35MHz,-;(3);(4)(200)(Sensitivity)5600V/(Lxs),28V/(Lxs);(5)0.005nA/cm2(25,16.67ms);(6)72dBTC285,EMCCD,TC2853系统设计方案,(8ms),(10frame/s),6,,EMCCD2,SPIRS-232;,CCD;CCDCCDCCD;CCD,CCD[8];CCDA/D,CameraLink,1398182Fig.2Blockdiagramofdesign4CCD驱动电路设计TC285TC285[9]EMC-CD,(IAG1/2SAG1/2),[10];,;(),,-5V,-5.7V,(CMG),15MHz,(SRG1/2)(RST),CCDCMOSEL7457,EL7457VS+,,EL7457,,CCMCMG,,CMG,-3.8V22V,10ns,CMG2580V/sEL7457,1500V/s,EM-CCD,,DMOSDMOS,320MHz,23.8V,13996,:CCD3DMOS(:TektronixTDS3032C)Fig.3DMOSswitchcircuitandoutputwave(measureinstrument:TektronixTDS3032Cdigitaloscillograph)CCD,CCD,,,CCD,5视频信号处理电路设计CCD(CDS)A/DXRD9859,XRD9859,[11]A/DXRD9859SPIXRD985910bit,,A/D6系统时序设计XilinxSparten3FPGA,4,,4Fig.4Blockdiagramoftimingcontroller,,;[12],;,;[13],,SRG1/2,CMGCCM,RST5,TC285,XRD9859,CCD1400185Fig.5LogicsimulationofhorizontaltransferandverticaltransferTC285,,15MHz,75ms,100ms(10frame/s),15MHz7实验结果与分析7.1,,66(4ms,80)Fig.6StarimageofMv6(exposuretime:4ms,gain:80)630mm20mm6():50,4ms,80:SNR=Smax-X,(5):Smax,X,66Smax=368,X=16.62,=8.12,(5)643.277.2,,,78ms,4.964.27(Skymap),76810175,85.56,240(5)(4.96)85.5642.9011.95,87(8ms,90)Fig.7StarimagesofUrsaMinorsand(expo-suretime:8ms,gain:90)85.56(8ms,90)Fig.8StarimageofMv5.56(exposuretime:8ms,gain:90)14016,:CCD8结论EMCCD,TC285EMCCD,8ms6,,TC285EMCCD,,:[1]刘金国,李杰,郝志航.APS[J].光学精密工程,2006,14(4):553-557.LIUJG,LIJ,HAOZHH.Studyondetectionsen-sitivityofAPSstartracker[J].Opt.PrecisionEng.,2006,14(4):553-557.(inChinese)[2]苏学征.EMCCD[J].现代科学仪器,2005(2):51-53.SUXZH.EMCCDtechnology-singlephotonima-gingdetection[J].ModemSeientifjcInstrument,2005(2):51-53.(inChinese)[3]张灿林,陈钱,周蓓蓓.CCD[J].红外技术,2007,29(4):192-195.ZHANGCL,CHENQ,ZHOUBB.Recentpro-gresstowardultra-sensitivityEMCCD[J].Infra-redTechnology,2007,29(4):192-195.(inChinese)[4]李云飞,李敏杰,司国良,等.TDI-CCD[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(8):1196-1202.LIYF,LIMJ,SIGL,etal..NoiseanalyzingandprocessingofTDI-CCDimagesensor[J].Opt.PrecisionEng.,2007,15(8):1196-1202.(inCh-inese)[5]EMCCDtechnicalnote[Z/OL].HAMAMATSU,2007,2.[6]陈晨,许武军,翁东山,等.CCD[J].红外技术,2007,29(11):634-637.CHENCH,XUWJ,WENGDSH,etal..TheNoisesourcesandSNRanalysisofelectronicmult-iplyingCCD[J].InfraredTechnology,2007,29(11):634-637.(inChinese)[7]TC285SPD-B010041002pixelimpactrontmCCDimagesensordatasheet[R/OL].[8]薛旭成,李云飞,郭永飞.CCD[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(8):1191-1195.XUEXCH,LIYF,GUOYF.DesignofanalogfrontendofCCDimagingsystem[J].Opt.Preci-sionEng.,2007,15(8):1191-1195.(inChinese)[9]InterlaceoperationinTIVirtua-lPhaseCCDimagesensors[R/OL].[10]TC285applicationnote[R/OL].[11]佟首峰,阮锦,郝志航.CCD[J].光学精密工程,2000,8(2):140-145.TONGSHF,RUANJ,HAOZHH.Noisereduc-ingschemeonoutputsignalofCCD[J].Opt.Pre-cisionEng.,2000,8(2):140-145.(inChinese)[12]GERALDCH.CCDArraysCamerasandDis-plays[M].SPIEOpticalEnginee