英语语法之限定词

Lecture6determinerISpecificreference特指Genericreference类指Definitequantity表示确定数量Indefinitequantity表示非确定数量Wordsthatprecedeanypremodifingadjectivesinanounphraseandwhichdenotesuchreferentialmeaningsasspecificreference,genericreference,definitequantityorindefinitequantityarereferredtoasdeterminers.Definition:•英语的限定词包括：•定冠词（DEFINTITEARTICLE〕，不定冠词（INDEFINITEARTICLE〕，零冠词（ZEROARTICLE〕•物主限定词（POSSESSIVEDETERMINER〕，my,your,his,her,our,your,their,one's,its.•名词属格（GENITIVENOUN〕，John's,myfriend's.•指示限定词（DEMONSTRATIVEDETERMINER〕，this,that,these,those,such.•关系限定词（RELATIVEDETERRMINER〕，whose,which.•疑问限定词（INTERROGATIVEDETERMINER〕，what,which,whose.不定限定词（INDEFINITEDETERMINER〕，no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,other,another.基数词（CARDINALNUMERAL〕和序数词（ORDINALNUMERAL〕倍数词（MULTIPLICATIVENUMERAL〕和分数词（FRACTIONALNUMERAL〕量词（QUANTIFIER〕alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreatof,agooddealof,alargeof,asmallamountof,aquantityof,agreatof,agoodnumberof等。搭配关系•与三类名词•限定词之间•若干限定词用法比较与三类名词的搭配关系（单数名词复数名词不可数名词）1.与三类名词都可以搭配的•the(book,books,money)•my/your/john’s------whose•(the)other•Some(book,books,money)•Any(book,books,money)•noHehasnofriend.Someguyisaskingtoseeyou.Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.Hehasnomoney.Hehasnofriends.2.只能与单数搭配的•a,an,one•each,every,another,either,neither•manya,suchaMypenisbroken,butIhaveanother.Inanothertwoweeks,I’llfinishit.NeithercarwasmadeinChina.Neither(one)ofthe(two)carswasmadeinChina.①EitherdayisOK.②NeitherdayisOK.3.只能与复数搭配的Both,these,two,three,anothertwo(a)few,severalmany,a(great)numberof,agreatmany4.只能与不可数名词搭配的alargeamountof,agreatdealof,mucha(little)bitof,(a)little,less,leastspeakabitofFrenchThere’slittledoubtthat….Tip:非正式语体中，可与复数名词搭配lessandlessviewers…5.能同时与单、复数名词搭配的thefirst/second,thelast,thenext6.能同时与单、不可数名词搭配的this/thatjobwork6.能与复数、不可数名词搭配的alotof,lotsofPlentyofenough,more,mostSuchOtherLikeallsuchstories..Suchoptimismhasbecome…限定词之间的搭配前位限定词（Pre-determiner）中位限定词（CentralDeterminer）后位限定词（Post-determiner）①Imetall(前)my(中)many(后)friends(名).②Theyquestionedthe(前)both(中)last(后)two(后)boys(名).⑴前位限定词•种类：主要是用来说明名词的数量①表示倍数关系halfmysalary,twicemysalary,doublemysalary,threetimesmysalary；②表示几分之几的数词onethirdmysalary,two-thirdsmysalary；③个体形容词allandboth,allmysalary,bothmyclassates•共存性：一般互相排斥allhalfmysalary,halfdoubleherincome⑵中位限定词1）种类：①冠词the,a,anallthebook,halfanhour,twicethesize；②物主形容词my,your,his,her,our,theirallmymoney,allhismoney③指示形容词this,that,these,thosealltheseproblems,twicethatsize,fourtimesthisamount④名词属格。例如：John’s,hisfather’s⑤不定代词：every,each,either,neither⑥特殊疑问词：what（ever），which(ever),whose2）共存性：彼此排斥，不能同时出现。mythemoney,ourtheseproblems,mythatbook⑶后位限定词1）种类：①基数词或序数词：one／first,two／second,three／third,four／fourth等等。例如：thetwochildren,hisfourthbirthday；②一般序数词：next,last,past,previous,subsequent,other,another等。例如：mynextplan,ourlastmeeting,yourpreviousmistakes,hersubsequentresponse；③数量形容词：few,many,several,little,less,more等。例如：mymanyfriends,ourseveralachievements,thefewfriendsthatIhave2）共存性：可以同时出现在名词前。例如：mynexttwoplans,severalotherpeople但也有先后顺序问题：①序数词／一般序数词+基数词：thefirsttwoweeks,duringthenext50years；②序数词／一般序数词+数量形容词：duringthepastfewyearsallthefourteachersallyourthreebooks前中后前中后alltheselastfewdays前中后后halfhislecturethoselastfewmonths前中中后后hislasttwobooksthefirsttwochapters中后后中后后threeothertwogirlstwomoresheets后后后后后suchsucha.../suchan…somesuch，anysuch，nosuch，fewsuch，onesuch1.＿＿dictionaryisenoughforme.A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha2.＿＿caseshavebeenreported.A.SuchfewB.SuchsomeC.FewsuchD.Somethese1/20/2021Exercise•1.Whichofthefollowingisincorrect?•A.Allhislectureswereboring.•B.Halfhismoneywasgone.•C.Herfewfriendsarefondofdancing.•D.Heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty.•2..______areabouttheAmericanIndependentWar.•a.Bothbookb.Bothbooksc.Allthetwobooksd.alloftwobooks1/20/2021•3.Onaccountofthetyphoon,___shipmentwillarrivethisweek.•A.neither;B.all;C.both;D.these•4.Thestudentsspent__theirtimeworkinginthefields.•A.both;B.most;C.more;D.half•5._____candidatesaregirls.•A.Halfthe;B.Thehalf;C.Theirhalf;D.Halfa•6.Hehasbeenstayingathome___days.•A.thesealllastfew;B.theselastfewall•C.alltheselastfew;D.theselastallfew1/20/20217.Thescientistwroteanumberofbooks,but______bookswerenovels.a.lasttwohisb.hislasttwoc.twohislastd.lasttwoofhis8.Itis______workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.a.asounusualb.suchanunusualc.sounusuald.suchunusual9.Foryoungpeople,Carpenteris______singer.a.mosttheirpopularb.mostpopularoftheirsc.theirmostpopulard.mostpopularoftheir10.Mybrotherisgoingonthepicnicwith______friends.a.histwolittleotherb.otherhistwolittlec.hisotherlittletwod.histwootherlittle1/20/2021•ThechoiceoftheproperdeterminertoprecedeanounisusuallynotaproblemforwriterswhohavegrownupspeakingEnglish.•Forotherwriters,thiscanbeaconsiderableobstacleonthewaytotheirmasteryofEnglish.•Infact,somestudentsfromeasterncountries,wheretheirnativelanguagehasnoarticles,findthattheselittlewordscancreateproblems.Comparethefollowing:all,both,every,each,either,neither,anyAllcanfunctionbothasdeterminersandasindefinitepronounswiththeexceptionof