【英语】山东省日照市2020届高三5月校际联考试题(解析版)

山东省日照市2020届高三5月校际联考英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEpicFails:TheWrightBrothersNose-divingintoHistoryByErikSladerandBenThompson.Ages6to12.ThefirstbookintheEpicFailsseriesdealswithoneofthemostambitiousgoalshumanshavepursuedtofly.AuthorsSladerandThompsonfocusonlife-or-deathscenes,suchaswhentheWrightbrotherscrashedtheirsailplaneoverandoveronthesandycoastofNorthCarolina:ittookthemtwomoreyearstogetitright.EpicFails:TheRacetoSpace:CountdowntoLiftoffByErikSladerandBenThompson.Ages6to12.Today,everyoneisfamiliarwithNeilArmstrong’sfamouswordsashefirstsetfootonthemoon,That’sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind.Hemadeitlookeasy,butAmerica’sJourneytothemoonwasanythingbutsimple.Ourfirstattemptwasafailure.Stillwedidn'tgiveup.Wetriedagain.Andagain.Andeachtimewefailed,wefailedalittlebitbetter.Fantasticfailures:TrueStoriesofPeopleWhoChangedtheWorldbyFallingDownFirstByLukeReynolds.Ages6to12TeacherLukeReynoldsopenseachchapterwithaquick,impossiblyperfectversionofoneperson'slifeandthensayshowthatpersonactuallyhadtofacehugechallengestoaccomplishgoals.Inthisbook,Reynoldswritesaboutvariouscommonmen,womenandchildren.CyrusField’sBigDream:TheDaringEfferttoLaytheFirstTransatlanticTelegraphCableByMaryMortonCowan.Ages6to12In1853,ittookatleastaweektorelayamessagebetweentheUnitedStatesandEuropebecausepeoplehadtobetransportedonshipsovertheAtlanticOcean.CyrusFieldtriedtoreducethattransmission(传送)timetojustminutesbylayingalongunderseacable.Inthisbook,Cowandescribesmanyfailures.Fieldsufferedbeforeheachievedthismajorbreakthrough.1.WhatdoweknowaboutFantasticFailures?A.Itwaswrittenbyafamousactor.B.Ittellsstoriesofordinarypeople.C.Itisaboutsciencefictionstories.D.Itisaboutsomecelebrities’success.2.CyrusFieldmadeamajorbreakthroughintheareaof.A.communicationB.entertainmentC.transportationD.sailing3.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthefourbooks?A.AllroadsleadtoRome.B.Anearlybirdcatchesworms.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍有关经历失败而获得成功的人物故事的四本书旨在告诉我们——失败乃成功之母。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下面的最后一句“Inthisbook,Reynoldswritesaboutvariouscommonmen,womenandchildren.”可知，《梦幻般的失败》这本书讲述的是普通人的故事。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In1853,ittookatleastaweektorelayamessagebetweentheUnitedStatesandEurope…CyrusFieldtriedtoreducethattransmission((传送)timetojustminutes…Fieldsufferedbeforeheachievedthismajorbreakthrough.”可知，1853年，至少花了一周时间在美国和欧洲之间传递一个信息……CyrusField试图将信息的传输时间缩短到几分钟……Field在实现这一重大突破之前受了很多苦。由此可推知，CyrusField在通信领域取得了重大突破。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，尤其根据文中“AuthorsSladerandThompsonfocusonlife-or-deathscenes,suchaswhentheWrightbrotherscrashedtheirsailplaneoverandoveronthesandycoastofNorthCarolina:ittookthemtwomoreyearstogetitright.”，比如莱特兄弟驾驶的滑翔机一次又一次坠毁在北卡罗来纳州的沙滩上:他们花了两年多的时间才把事情弄清楚“Ourfirstattemptwasafailure.Stillwedidn'tgiveup.Wetriedagain.Andagain.”我们的第一次尝试失败了。但我们并没有放弃。我们再次尝试。“personactuallyhadtofacehugechallengestoaccomplishgoals”为了实现目标，人们实际上不得不面对巨大的挑战“Fieldsufferedbeforeheachievedthismajorbreakthrough.”菲尔德在取得这一重大突破之前遭了很多的罪。可知，文中介绍的四本书的内容都是有关经历失败而获得成功的人物故事。由此判断出我们能从四书中学到，失败乃成功之母。故选C项。BPayingitforwardisaconceptthatinvolvesdoingsomethinggoodforsomeoneinresponsetoagooddeeddoneonyourbehalforagiftyoureceived.Whenyoupayitforward,however，youdon'trepaythepersonwhodidsomethingniceforyou.Instead,youdosomethingniceforsomeoneelse.Recently,aninspiringnotefoundinsidearandombookhasinspiredthousandsofpeopletopayitforward.AshleyJostwasshoppingatTargetwhenabookcaughthexeye.The27-year-oldboughtthebookGirlStopApologizingandbeganreadingitwhenshegothome.Afterafewminutesherdogstartedbarkingsosheputthebookaside.Whenshegotback,shenoticedsomethingontheground.Afive-dollarnotefellout,Jostsaid.Shelookedthroughthebook,andinoneofthelastpages,therewasanotethatread,“Tothepersonwhobuysthisbook:Iamhavingatoughday.IthoughtmaybeIcouldbrightensomeoneelse’swiththislittlesurprise.Goandbuyacoffee,ahamburgerorafacemask.Practicesomeselfcaretoday.Rememberthatyouareloved,youareamazing,andyouarestrong-Lisa”JostdecidedtopostaphotoofthenoteandthemoneyonTwitteranditwentlikeavirus.Peoplearepromisingtheirownrandomactsofkindness.“Inthatmoment，Ididn’tnecessarilyneedthepick-me-up，butIfeelobligated(有义务的)toshareit，andI’mhearingbackfrompeoplewhodid,”Jostsaid.“Therippleeffectisprettyunbelievable.AfterseeingherTwitterpost,LisamailedJostacard.Shesaiditmadehercryinagoodway,”Jostsaid.ButLisastilldidn’tgiveawaywhoshewas.Sheleftnoreturnaddress.Lisawroteithadbeenadifficulttimeinherlifeandshejustwantedtocreatesomethingpositive-sheneverreallyexpectedthistohappenthewayithas.”4.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theoriginofpayingitforward.B.TheeffectsofpayingitforwardC.ThebenefitsofpayingitforwardD.Thedefinitionofpayingitforward.5.WhydidLisaputafive-dollarnoteinabook?A.Togothroughthehardesttimeinherlife.B.TocheerupthepersonwhobuysthebookC.TorepaythepersonwhodidsomethingniceD.Tosetoffaroundofpayingitforward6.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordrippleinParagraph6mean?A.EdgeB.ChainC.MassD.Side7.LisapostedacardtoJostto___________.A.makefriendswithJostB.tellJostabou