建筑物中的能量利用效率

43620106CHINACIVILENGINEERINGJOURNALVo.l43Jun.No.62010:(2008DFA11620)(2008GG10007021):,,:20081130杜晓通1姜治臻2贾磊1王雷1(1.,250061;2.,250101):,,,,,,,,,,,,:;;;:TU111.19+5:A:1000131X(2010)06012806EnergyutilizationefficiencyinbuildingsDuXiaotong1JiangZhizhen2JiaLei1WangLei1(1.ShandongUniversity,Jinan250061,China;2.JinanElectronicsMechanicalEngineeringSchoo,lJinan250101,China)Abstract:Energyutilizationefficiencyislowinpublicbuildings,partlyduetoirrationalenergyuse.Therearenogoodmethodstojudgetheextentofirrationaluseofenergy.Theconceptofenergyutilizationefficiencyisproposedtoevaluatetheenergyconsumptionindex.Energyinbuildingsisdividedintotwoparts:effectiveenergyandineffectiveenergy.Energyutilizationefficiencyistheratioofeffectiveenergytototalenergy.Becausetheterminaleffectiveenergyofbuildingsisdifficulttomeasuredirectly,existingmeasurementtechniqueisemployedtocalculatethetemporalvariationratesofparameterssuchastemperature,luminanceandperception,andthencombiningwithpeoplebehaviorcharacteristics,tocalculatetheenergyutilizationefficiencyindirectly.Inordertoverifytheapproach,experimentswereconductedundervariousconditions,andtheresultsindicatethatenergyutilizationefficiencycanreflectthedegreeofenergywaste.Keywords:publicbuildings;energyefficiency;energyutilizationefficiency;energysavingEmai:[e-mail],200615,[13]:,,;,,,[411],,,,,(),1,,,436129,Ew,Ei,E0,u:E0=Ei-Ew(1)u=E0Ei100%(2),,Ts,T0,u(3):u=TsTs+T0100%(3),,,,,,,:ei(t)={T(t),L(t)}(4)e0(t)={dT(t),dL(t),S(t)}(5):ei(t),T(t)L(t);e0(t)dT(t)dL(t)S(t)()u(6):u=e0(t)ei(t)100%(6),dT(t),,,,,,,,dT(t),dT(t),,,,;,,(7):u=u1+u2=tu1Ti100%+tu2Ti(t)100%(7):Ti;tu1;tu2,,(t),,[0,1](7),2,,:,7,40m2,20m2,7,2,40W6,21,5min,,5(86811),5min,2,1:1Fig.1Relationshipsbetweenairconditioner,window,gateandthetemperature,()15,125,1302010110,81,,,,,,,2,,,,,,:(1),(2),,,(3),(4),,,(5)3,?,,3.1617m2158,,,,,,,158RS48520,,,1.5m~2.0m1,2~6,,,,5min,5min,5min,,dT(t)5min,:dT(tn)=Tn-Tn-15(8)5,dT(t),,12dT(t),,12228dT(t)Table1Temperatureinroom228,building2andthecalculateddT(t)26272524232225222325232726262522181818dT(t)0.2-0.4-0.2-0.2-0.20.6-0.60.20.40.60.8-0.20-0.2-0.6-10119232226202221222425192618212821252422dT(t)3.80.8-0.20.8-1.20.4-0.24.40.40.2-1.21.4-1.60.61.4-1.40.8-0.2-0.420222523222523202425171828262425272524dT(t)-0.40.40.6-0.4-0.20.6-0.4-0.60.80.2-1.60.22-0-0.40.20.4-0.4-0.227242725252628dT(t)0.6-0.60.6-0.400.20.443613121:30,,1:54,,2:25~2:45,3:35~4:3022228dT(t)Fig.2Temperatureandperceptionrealtimecurvesinroom228,building2andthecalculateddT(t)3,,5~10min,,3:08,3:53,,1:57~2:23;2:43,231229dT(t)Fig.3Temperatureandperceptionrealtimecurvesinroom229,building1andthecalculateddT(t)4,,,,,,5,,,,6,,,5,12,,dT(t)45320dT(t)Fig.4Temperatureandperceptionrealtimecurvesinroom320,building5andthecalculateddT(t)54137dT(t)Fig.5Temperatureandperceptionrealtimecurvesinroom137,building4andthecalculateddT(t)65218dT(t)Fig.6Temperatureandperceptionrealtimecurvesinroom218,building5andthecalculateddT(t),,,dT(t),1,10%[1113],(7),2626,1,26,1,10%;1,132201010%,,1,10%22Table2Theenergyuseefficiency(%)122879222983313710042181005320842,589%,,3.2,,9,711,,,7(,2),(,5)(,7)3(CD),7~972Fig.7Thetemperature,perceptionandrealtimecontrolcurvesofcontroller285Fig.8Thetemperature,perceptionandrealtimecontrolcurvesofcontroller597Fig.9Thetemperature,perceptionandrealtimecontrolcurvesofcontroller7436133,15,227~9,,,,15min3,9%13%,3Table3Regionalenergyuseefficiency(%)1286.490.72535.548.63761.270.44,,,,,:,,,,,,[1].[EB/OL].:,2007.[2].119[EB/OL].:,2008.[3].[EB/OL].:,2008.[4].[J].,2003,15(1):9194(YanQuansheng.Designingandreadizingtheenergysavingsystemforcentralairconditioning[J].ProceedingsoftheCSUEPSA,2003,15(1):9194(inChinese))[5].[J].:,2006,28(2):5962(ZhuShunbing.AnalysisofstrategiesforHVACenergysavingoptimizingcontrolinbuildingautomationsystems[J].JournalofNanjingUniversityofTechnology:NaturalScienceEditon,2006,28(2):5962(inChinese))[6],,,.[M].:,2008[7],,.[J].,2000,30(6):411(ZhuWeifeng,JiangYi,XueZhifeng.Analysisofcommonproblemsinrefrigeratingstationsandairconditioningsystems[J].HeatingVentilating&AirConditioning,2000,30(6):411(inChinese))[8]ASHRAE90.12004Energystandardforbuildingsexceptlowriseresidentialbuildings[S][9]ASHRAEGuideline11996TheHVACcommissioningprocess[S][10]AndrewsJW,HedrickRL,LublinerMR,eta.lReproducibilityofASHRAEStandard152P:Resultsofaroundrobintest[C].ASHRAETransactions,1998:13761388[11],.[M].:,1999(1968-),,,(1969-),,,(1959-),,,(1970-),,,