牛津英语五B英语语法知识汇总

1英语语法知识汇总-五B第一课时——名词复数重点：名词的复数变化规则。难点：灵活运用。这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is.1.一般+s如map→maps，bag→bags等2.特殊：以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词+es如bus→buses，watch→watches等；3.以辅音字母+y结尾，去掉y加上ies，以元音字母+y结尾加上s4.以f或fe结尾，去掉f/fe加上ves。如knife→knivesleaf→leaveswolf→wolveswife→wiveslife→livesthief→thieves5.有时可数，有时不可数：典型例词：fish当它解释为鱼肉时是不可数名词，当它解释成同一种鱼时，单复数同形，复数即为fish，当它解释为不同一种鱼时，+es,即为fishes.6.以o结尾，a)photo→photos，piano→pianos,radio→radios，zoo→zoosb）加es的名词有：potato→potatoestomato→tomatoes7.特殊词：child---children(小孩)man--men（男人）woman--women(女人）各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-sbook-booksbag-bagscat-catsbed-beds以s.x.sh.ch结尾加-esbus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watchespeach—peachesglass--glasses以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-esfamily-familiesstudy--studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加-esknife-knives不规则名词复数man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-micefoot-feetchild-childrenfish-fishChinese-Chinese28.单复数同形(单数和复数一样）people(人）sheep(绵羊)deer（鹿）)9.国人变复数:口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。Chinese--ChineseJapanese--JapaneseEnglishman--EnglishmenFrenchman--FrenchmenAmerican--Americans等等10.字母、数字、引语、缩略语变复数，在其后加s或's。eg.Therearetwot'sintheword“bottle.Therearetwo1'sinthenumber“2011.一、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.2These_______(tomato)arered.3Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)4Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).5Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.6Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.7Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.8Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).9Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.10Peterhaseight_____(foot).二、选择填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.AmonkeysBmonkeyesCmonkey()2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots()3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen()4.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I（我）mewe（我们）usmy（我的）our（我们的）第二人称you（你）youyou（你们）youyour（你的）your（你们的）第三人称he（他）himthey（他/她/它们）themhis（他的）their（他/她/它们的）she（她）herher（她的）it（它）itit（它的）3()5.The_____hasthree__.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches()6.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.breadB.breadsC.breades()7.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth()8.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milksC.milkes()9.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books()10..Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.Photoes第二课时——2、人称代词和物主代词重点：区分人称代词和物主代词。难点：词性。人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。一、用适当的人称代词填空：1.__________ismyaunt.weoftenvisit__________.(she)2.chinaisadevelopingcountry._________isintheeastofAsia.(its)3.whatdayis__________today?—__________isThursday.(its)5.iownabluebike.theredoneisn’t__________.(i)二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1.Iateall____sandwichesyesterday.(I)canIhaveoneof____?(you)2.Georgehaslost____(his)pen.askMaryif（是否）shewilllendhim____.(she)3..jackhasadogandsohavei.____(he)dogand___(i)hadafight(打架).4.theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof____(he)5.Mr.andMrs.greenandafriendof____arecomingtoseeus.(they)三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空a.从括号内选择正确的代词填空1.yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.pleaseput_________(they，them，their，theirs)away.2.(we，us，our，ours)_________EnglishteacherisMrs.green.wealllike_________(she，her，hers).3.(i，me，my，mine)_________can’tgetmykite.couldyouhelp_________(i，me，my，mine)?b.填入正确的人称代词和物主代词1.thisisn’t________knife._________isgreen.(she)2.theseareyourbooks，Kate.put__________inthedesk，please.(they)3._______mustlookafter________things.(you)4.Weifang，isthat________ruler?yes，it’s.(you)5.theywantafootball.give__________thegreenone，please.(they)四、用括号中的适当形式填空（1）Arethese________（you）pencils?Yes,theyare________（our）.4（2）—whoseisthispencil?—it’s________（i）.（3）Ilove________（they）verymuch.（4）sheis________（i）classmate.第三课时——冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。基本用法——当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。此类问题很多人都会陷入误区，认为见到a,e,i,o,u前面就该用不定冠词an,如果不是就用a，这是不对的哦，其实正确的理解应该是当单个字母或单词发音以元音开头就用an,否则用a，可以说当用an时与是否出现元音字母无关。a用于辅音前；an用于元音前。一般说来，元音字母发元音，辅音字母发辅音。但需请注意以下3点：(1拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词hour,honest,honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。(2)拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词useful,university,usual,united,European,one-eyed,one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却不以元音开头，因此，前面要用a。(3)在26个英文字母中，a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x这12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的1.InAmerica,____caris____popularmeansoftransportation（交通设施）.A.the,theB.a,theC.the,/D.the,a2.----Whathappened?----Theyleftinsuch____hurrythattheyforgottolock____door.A.a,aB.a,theC./,theD./,a3.Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,____smallerofwhichservedas____kitchen.A.a,theB.the,aC.the,theD.a,a指近处指远处单数this（这个）that（那个）复数these（这些）those（那些）54.Iordered____booksometimeago.____bookhasarrived.A.a,TheB.the,AC.a,AD./,The5.MrSmithis____Europeanandhiswifeis____American.A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a第四课时——特殊疑问句表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法Whattime什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点What什么问东西、事物Whatcolour什么颜色问颜色Howold多大年纪问年纪Howmany多少数量（可数名词）问数量Howmuch多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）把下面的句子变成否定句。1.SheiswatchingTVnow.2.WegotoschoolonSunday.3.Hisfatherworkshard.4.Jack'smotherisanurse.5.Thecatrunsfast.把下列句子改为一般疑问句。1.Weneedsomemasks.2.Theylikemakingthepuppet.3.SuHaiandSuYangli