雅思基础语法5

雅思基础语法VinoYuLesson5•非谓语动词•长难句分析非谓语动词•不定式•现在分词•过去分词非谓语动词•我在业余时间喜欢打篮球和看电影。•坐落于东湖之畔，武大的校园风景十分优美。主语宾语表语定语状语补语doing√√√√todo√√√√√√done√√√√不定式•todo/nottodo•e.g.•Nottobeoutdone,England’sQueenVictoriaalsoappearedinpublicwearingamauvegown,thusmakingitalltherageinEnglandaswell.（剑9，T1，R1）•英国女王Victoria也不甘示弱，身着木槿紫礼服出现在公共场合，这使得木槿紫在英国也风靡一时。不定式•固定搭配（不能带-ing）•agree,aim,apply,arrange,choose,decide，demand,determine,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,swear,threaten,undertake,etc.不定式•it•ItwouldhavebeeneasytocriticizetheMIRTPforusingintheearlyphasesa“top-down”approach,inwhichdecisionsweremadebyexpertsandofficialsbeforebeinghandeddowntocommunities,butitwasnecessarytostarttheprocessfromthelevelofthegovernmentalauthoritiesofthedistrict.（剑7，T2，R3）•由于项目初期采取了上级命令下级执行的办法，即没有经过当地社区的同意，专家和政府官员们就做出了决定，马科特乡村一体化交通项目遭到了很多批评，但是从政府层次开始贯彻实施该项目又是很有必要的。不定式•填空•①Idon’twantthere____beanymisunderstandingbetweenmyfriendsandI.•②WhatI’dliketodonowis____giveyousomeideaofhowweactuallywentaboutmakingit.•③Ratherthan_____runtheriskoflosingeverythingtheydecidedtocontinuetheproject.•④Iheardthecarbrakes_____screech（发出刺耳声）,asthedriverbraked_____turnthecorner.•①to②to③∕④∕;to不定式•翻译•目前为止，环境污染是一项难以应付的问题。•这是一个需要认真思考的问题。•我已经在这里呆了十天，没有什么可看的了。•Sofarenviromentalpollutionisaformidableproblemtobesettled.•Itisaquestiontobeconsideredaboutcarefully.•Ihavespenttendayshere.Thereisnothingtosee.现在分词•doing•Breakingawayfromindustrialagricultureasthesolutiontohungermaybeveryhardforsomecountries,butinBritain,wheretheimmediateneedtosupplyfoodislessurgent,andthecostsandthedamageofintensivefarminghavebeenclearlyseen,itmaybemorefeasible.（剑7，T2，R2）•对于一些国家来说，摆脱现代农业生产方式的同时解决饥饿问题是件很困难的事情，但在英国，对粮食的需求并非如此紧迫，并且现代化的密集型农业所耗费的成本和造成的损失清晰可见，放弃现代化农业更为可行。现在分词•prep.+doing•e.g.•ThetechnologyraisestheprospectofBritainbecomingself-sufficientinrenewableenergyanddrasticallyreducingitscarbondioxideemissions.（剑9，T3，R2）•这项技术为英国可再生能源的自给自足开辟了广阔的前景，同时也大大降低了二氧化碳的排放量。现在分词•havingdone•e.g.•Otherparapsychologistsbelievethefieldisonthebrinkofcollapse,havingtriedtoproducedefinitivescientificproofandfailed.（剑8，T1，R3）•其他超心理学家则认为该学科曾试图提出明确的科学论证，但却失败了，因此正处于瓦解的边缘。现在分词•Itis/was+特定a.或n.+现在分词•a.:nice/better/foolish/enjoyable/fun/good/useless•n.:nice/nogood/any(some,no)use/awasteoftime•e.g.•Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?•It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.•It’ssimplyawasteoftimeandmoneyseeingthatmovie.现在分词•固定搭配(不能带to)•admit,acknowledge,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,consider,delay,deny,(don’t)mind,ensure,enjoy,fancy,finish,giveup,goon,imagine,include,keepon,miss,practice,putoff,report,risk,stop,suggest现在分词•选择•Iamlookingforward/long/enjoy/imaginemyselftostartanewlifeinAustralia.•Heknows/spendstime/wouldrather/islearningtostudyEnglishfortheexam.•ProfessorJohnsonsuggested/isused/promised/succeededtotacklewiththemattergivenbytheauthority.•IlongtostartanewlifeinAustralia.•HeislearningtostudyEnglishfortheexam.•ProfessorJohnsonpromisedtotacklewiththemattergivenbytheauthority.现在分词•改写•Aproblemofmodernsocietiesisthatthelevelofhealthinthegeneralpopulationdeclinesandviewsonhowpeopleshouldtacklethistrendwhichworriesthemareconflicting.Onepossiblesolutionisthecommunityprovidesmoresportsfacilitiesthatcanencourageamoreactivelifestyle.•Aproblemofmodernsocietiesisthedeclininglevelofhealthinthegeneralpopulation,withconflictingviewsonhowtotacklethisworryingtrend.Onepossiblesolutionistoprovidemoresportsfacilitiestoencourageamoreactivelifestyle.(剑9，T3，W2)过去分词•Done•e.g.•Unliketheoriginalformusedinearlypendulum（钟摆）clocks,theanchorescapement（擒纵机构）permittedthependulumtotravelinaverysmallarc.（剑8，T1，R1）•与早期摆钟中所使用的原始装置不同，锚型擒纵机构使钟摆的摆动弧度变得很小。过去分词•伴随状态•e.g.•Itwasoncethoughtthatthefungusthatantscultivatewasasingletypethattheyhadpropagated,essentiallyunchangedfromthedistantpast.(剑7，T3，R1)•曾经有观点认为蚂蚁培育的真菌只是它们繁殖的单一品种，长久以来都没有本质的改变。过去分词•后置修饰、限定•e.g.•Thoseexperiencingthesedisordersoftenfindsoundssuchascrowdnoiseandthenoisegeneratedbymachinerypainfulanddistressing.(剑9，T2，R1)•患者也往往会觉得喧闹的噪音以及机器的声音让自己感到痛苦与压抑。Task•填空(剑7，T1，W2)•Obviously,educationsystemsarebasedonthebeliefthatallchildrencaneffectivelybetaught①________(acquire)differentskills,②______(include)those③_____(associate)withsports,artormusic.Sofromourownschoolexperience,wecanfindplentyofevidence④_____(support)theviewthatachildcanacquiretheseskillswith⑤_____(continue)⑥______(teach)and⑦_____(guide)practice.•①toacquire•②including•③associated•④tosupport•⑤continued•⑥teaching•⑦guidedTask•改错(剑9，T1，W2)•①Ifspecialistshavetobroughtintodeliveringthesesessions,theflexibilityreferstoaboveisdiminished.•②However,theseissuescanaddressstrategicallywithinthepolicyadopting.•①tobrought→tobebroughttodelivering→todeliverrefers→referred•②address→beaddressedadopting→adopted非谓语动词区别•todo:目的；未完成•doing:持续；伴随•done:已完成；状态非谓语动词•选择•Having/Tohave/Hadidentifiedthisfundamentalunit,Shannonsetaboutdefiningotherwisevagueideasaboutinformationandhowtotransmit/transmitting/transmitteditfromplacetoplace.(剑9，T3，R3)•Alaserthunderfactorycouldshakethemoistureoutofclouds,perhapstoprevent/preventing/preventedtheformationofthegianthails