4.-词义空缺

词义空缺现象的处理Warming-up•一丈红•万福金安•Goodmorning,YourMajesty.•皇上万岁万岁万万岁•longmayshe/he/youreign不同的文化用不同的语义范畴分解和描述世界。因此，一种文化里有的语义在另一种语言里可能就不存在。水浒传•WaterMargin•OutlawsoftheMarsh•AllMenAreBrothers•Onehundredandeightmen气功太极风水阴阳磕头长衫馄饨荔枝乌龙茶1.音译法（完全空缺）QigongTaichiFengShuiTheYing-yangkowtowcheongsamwontonlitchioolong麻将mahjong道德经Taotehking四库全书SsukuChuanshuWhatshouldwepayattentiontowhenusingthismethod?Whatarethemeritsanddemeritsofthismethod?皮蛋拜堂拔火罐红白喜事探花华表2.意译法preservedeggperformthemarriageceremonycuppingweddingsandfuneralstitleconferredontheonewhowonthirdplaceinthehighestimperialexaminationintheMingandQingdynastiesanornamentalstonecolumnusedtodecorateimportantbuildingsorpublicplaces/ornamentalcolumn/cloudpillar红娘，月老matchmaker父母之命，媒妁之言traditionalmarriagemakematchbyparents'orderandonthematchmaker'sword义结金兰swornbrotherhood/sisterhood科举theimperialexaminationsystemWhatarethemeritsanddemeritsofthismethod?易经四书春卷八卦号脉京剧北大荒一国两制灯影牛肉八宝莲子粥3.直译法BookofChangesFourBooksspringrolltheEightTrigramsfeelthepulseBeijingOperatheGreatNorthernWildernessOnecountry,twosystemsShadowBeefEight-TreasureLotusSeedPorridgeWhatarethemeritsanddemeritsofthismethod?通过注释的形式在译文中补充必要的文化背景知识，以弥补汉英文化的差异，帮助译文读者更好地理解这些具有特殊文化色彩的词语。4.加注法八卦：theEightTrigrams——eightcombinationsofthreelines—allsolid,allbroken,oracombinationofsolidandbrokenlines—joinedinpairstoform64hexagrams,formerlyusedindivination.•观音•BuddhismGuanyin,theGoddessofMercy•鸳鸯•Mandarinduckanddrake–lovebirds•抓周•thegrabbingtestontheoccasionofababy'sfirstbirthday(inwhichvariousarticles----e.g.abook,awritingbrush,aninkstone,workman'stools,playthingsandeatables,cosmeticsandmanyanunexpectedgadget----areassembledandspreadoutbeforethebabyandtheoneparticulararticlehepicksupissupposedtogiveageneralideaofhisfuturecharacterandpatternoflife,hiscareerandbehavior,hishabitsandhobbies).•钱先生周岁时“抓周”抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”(舒展文《钱钟书与杨绛》)•WhenQianwasjustoneyearold,hewasaskedbyhisparentstochooseonethingamongothers,hepickedupabookofallthings.Thereuponhisfatherverygladlygavehimthename:ZhongShu(itmeansbook-loverinChinese).这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。Thisyoungcoupleisnotwellmatched,oneisaXiShi——afamousChinesebeauty,whiletheotherisaZhangFei——awell-knownill-temperedbrute.我属鸡。我从来不吃鸡。鸡年是我的本命年。IwasbornintheYearoftheRooster.Inevereatchicken.TheYearofRoosterwillbringmegoodluckorbadluck.(Chinesepeopletraditionallyuse12animals,representingthe12EarthlyBranches,tosymbolizetheyearinwhichapersonisborn.1993,forexample,istheYearofRooster.Peopleborninthisyearhavetheroosterastheirlifesymbol.Allotheryearsoftherooster,accordingtoanoldChinesesaying,becomeeithergoodorbadluckyearsforthem.)•“这断子绝孙的阿Q！”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。•“AhQ,mayyoudiesonless!(acurseintolerabletoearinChinese)”soundedthelittlenun’svoicetearfullyinthedistance.Exercises•P27-29人之初，性本善。性相近，习相远。苟不教，性乃迁。教之道，贵以专。养不教，父之过。教不严，师之惰。三字经人出生之初，禀性本身都是善良的，天性也都相差不多，只是后天所处的环境不同和所受教育不同，彼此的习性才形成了巨大的差别。如果从小不好好教育，善良的本性就会变坏。要想使孩子成为对社会有用的人才，必须时刻注意对孩子的教育，专心一致，时时不能放松。仅仅是供养儿女吃穿，而不好好教育，是父母的过错。只是教育，但不严格要求就是做老师的懒惰了。Menattheirbirth,arenaturallygood.Theirnaturesaremuchthesame;theirhabitsbecomewidelydifferent.Iffoolishlythereisnoteaching,thenaturewilldeteriorate.Therightwayinteaching,istoattachtheutmostimportanceinthoroughness.人之初，性本善。性相近，习相远。苟不教，性乃迁。教之道，贵以专。养不教，父之过。教不严，师之惰。Tofeedwithoutteaching,isthefather'sfault.Toteachwithoutseverity,istheteacher'slaziness.Manonearth,Goodatbirth.ThesamenatureVariesonnurture.Withnoeducation,There'dbeaberration.Toteachwell,Youdeeplydwell.人之初，性本善。性相近，习相远。苟不教，性乃迁。教之道，贵以专。养不教，父之过。教不严，师之惰。What'safather?Agoodteacher.What'sateacher?Astrictpreacher.