进行时被动语态

Unit11I.GrammarII.VocabularyTeachingaimsanddemandsI.GrammarLanguageFocusP184进行时的被动语态两种时态1）现在进行时的被动语态形式：肯定句：主语＋be(am/is/are)＋being＋过去分词.否定句：主语＋be(am/is/are)not＋being＋过去分词.一般疑问句：Be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being＋过去分词？特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being＋过去分词？2）过去进行时的被动语态形式：肯定句：主语＋be(was/were)＋being＋过去分词.否定句：主语＋be(was/were)not＋being＋过去分词.一般疑问句：Be(was/were)＋主语＋being＋过去分词？特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be(was/were)＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ExampleThetestsampleisbeinghandledwithcare.小心地拿着试验标本。TheceremonyhadalreadystartedwhenIgotthere.Andtheflagwasbeingraised.我到达那里时，仪式已经开始了，正在升旗。Istheproblembeingstudied？这个问题现在正在研究吗？Howwereyoubeingtakencareofwhenyouwereill?当你生病时，是怎样被照料的？LanguageFocusP192间接引语概念：当我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；也可以用自己的话转述别人的意思，称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。直接引语变为间接引语时，须在时态以及代词，状语等方面作一些调整。exampleShesaid:“Ishallgotothehospitaltomorrow.”她说：“我明天去看病。”Shesaid(that)shewouldgotothehospitalthefollowingday.她说她第二天去看病。注意事项：1）时态的变化间接引语中的谓语动词一般按下列规律变动直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时（多数变为）过去完成时ExampleJohnsaid:“Ineedsomemoney.”-----Johnsaidthatheneededsomemoney.约翰说他需要一些钱。Joesaid:“Wehavegottwofirstplaceinthesportsmeet.”-----Joesaidthattheyhadgottwofirstplaceinthesportsmeet.”乔说他们在运动会中得了两项冠军。2）代词的变动代词要根据句中的意义作相应的变动ExampleThedoctorsaidtoMrs.Smith:“Yoursonwillneverbeabletohearagain.”-----ThedoctorsaidtoMrs.Smiththathersonwouldneverbeabletohearagain.医生告诉史密斯太太她的儿子再也听不见了。Hesaid:“Thesearemine.”-----Hesaidthatthosewerehis.他说那些是他的。3)状语的变动状语一般需作下列变动直接引语间接引语nowthenagobeforetodaythatdaythismooringthatmorningyesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaymorningthemorningbeforetomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday,thedayafterlastweek(month,etc.)theweek(month,etc.)before,thelastweek(month,etc.)nextweek(month,etc.)theweek(month,etc.)afterthefollowingweek(month,etc.)thenextweek(month,etc.)thisweek(month,etc.)thatweek(month,etc.)herethereExampleHesaid:“Shearrivedhereyesterday.”-----Hesaidthatshearrivedtherethedaybefore.他说她前一天到了那里。Hesaid:“Isawherthreedaysago.”----Hesaidthathehadseenherthreedaysbefore.他说他在三天前看见了她。Activity19P195两种方法作定语1）用连接符号“－”的组合词(作前置定语,数字后面的名词不能用复数)a76-year-oldman3）用介词of＋数字(作后置定语)amanof76II.VocabularyActivity2P182reveal(that+从句)v.makeknown(tobe)展现;揭示;暴露eg.Shesuddenlyrevealedthatshewasnotmarried.她突然说出真相,她没结过婚。Itwassoonrevealedtohimhowmuchheneededhercooperation.他很快就明白他是多么需要同她合作。commit(oneself)tosth./todosth..v.topledgeorobligateone'sownself:使负责，使受约束eg.Theywerereluctanttocommitthemselvestoanydefiniteproposals.他们不愿意负责提出任何明确的建议。Ihavecommittedtogo(going).我已答应去了。Hefeltthathewastooyoungtocommitfullytomarriage.他感到自己太年轻不能完全承担结婚的义务。take(no)actionv.begin(not)toact(不)采取行动eg.Butthegovernmenttooknoactionatonce.但是,政府没有马上采取行动。Well,whatactionareyougoingtotake?那么,你打算采取什么行动?blame....on…V.toplaceresponsibilityfor(something):归咎把（某事）责任归于…：eg.Theyallblamedthecrisisonpoorplanning.他们都把把危机归咎于计划不周。TheyblamedthefailureoftheactiononGeorge.他们把此次行动失败归咎于乔治。raise（to）vt.toincreaseinintensity,degree,strength,orpitch:提高，增强eg.Thepricewasraisedto$10.价格提高到十美元。Theyraisedacaptaintotherankofmajor.他们把一个上尉提升为少校。standardn.anacknowledgedmeasureofcomparisonforquantitativeorqualitativevalue;acriterion.标准,一种公认的衡量数量或者质量的标准；标准eg.Yourworkisnotuptothestandard.你的工作不够标准。Heusedtosetahighstandardforhiswork.他过去一向对自已的工作提出高标准的要求。grantn.agivingoffundsforaspecificpurpose:赠款;专用拨款eg.Thegovernmentgaveusagranttobuildanotherclassroom.政府给了我们一笔补助，用来盖另外一间教室。Thefederalgrantsformedicalresearchisgiveneveryyear.每年下拨医疗研究的联邦资金。Activity10P188takesteps/astep(todosth.)采取行动,采取措施eg.Whatstepsareyoutakinginthematter?这件事你打算怎么办?Youmusttakeeverysteptokeepdownexpenses.你必须采取一切措施降低开销。ensure(that从句)v.tomakesureorcertain;insure使…必然发生（亦作：insure）eg.Wecanensurethattheworkshallbedoneintherightway.我们可以保证把工作做好。Ifyouwanttoensurethatyougetthediploma,youhavetoworkharderandtakeallthesecurriculaandpassthem.如果你想确保获得文凭,就得努力些,选修所有这些课程并通过考试。Ifittedanewlocktoensurethatthebicyclewouldnotbestolen.我装了一把新锁以保证自行车不致失窃。sufferv.totolerateorendureevil,injury,pain,ordeath.受苦，忍受不幸、伤害、痛苦或死亡,sufferfrom…患病eg.Shewassufferingfromaheadache.她正经受头痛之苦。Hisfriendhassufferedfromillhealthforsomeyears.他朋友身体不好已有好几年了。checkwithv.getintocommunicationwith与…联系,与...协商eg.Wehavecheckedwiththedepartmentconcernedandfindthatthemeetingwilltakeplaceasplanned.我们跟有关部门练习过，知道那个会将按原计划举行。take(timetodo…)v.tolastorneed(aperiodoftime)持续，花费（时间）eg.Howlongdoestheflighttake?这个航班要飞多久？Justaminute,itwon'ttakemelongtochange.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。Thisnewpain-killerdoesn'ttakelongtoactonthepain?这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。lessenv.tomakeless;reduce.使变小；使减少eg.Useyourseatbelttolessenthedangerofinjuryinanaccident.系上座椅安全带，减少交通事故中受伤的危险。Hisappetitelessensashisillnessprogresses.随着病情的加重，他的食欲下降了。(be)ableto+todov.havingsufficientabilityorresources.能够…的,具有足够的能力或资质的（可以用于各种时态，另外，还可以和情态动词连用）eg.Youmightbeabletopersuadehim.你也许能说服他。Ihaven’tbeenabletogetintouchwithher.我还没能与她取的联系。