香港建筑业生产效率及其影响因素研究

1000-2618(1999)0420053-08:1999-03-30:(1963-),(),,.(,)DEA(dataenvelopmentanalysis)19811994.,1112%.,,..;;;;TU9A(GDP);,45%;35%,33%;12[1].(CensusandStatisticsDepart2ment)19811994,,.1HSIC(HongKongStandardIndustrialClassfication),5,8(3)50(4).1990ISIC(InternationalStandardIndustrialClassification),,4.,4,HSIC41(1).,,,:(Q);(L);(M),;(K),1199912()Dec1199916,4JOURNALOFSHENZHENUNIVERSITY(SCIENCE&ENGINEERING)Vo1116,No141Table1TheclassificationandcontentsinHongKongpsconstructionindustry5111&5117()5112&5118()5113()5114()5211()5212()5213()5214()5218()52915292529452965293,5295&529853115312531854115412541354145415541654185422542354245417,5421,5425&54295511551255135514551555165517551856115613561259125911,5913&591954()16,,,.1981,Q,M,K[25].L,.,596.,.[7].2DEA,,,,(1);,ER(efficiencyratio).,0ER1.,.m,k,n;Xmn,Ykn;^X^Y,ER[6,7].:3=min,(1):(12n)Ey11y12y1ky21y22y2kwyn1yn2ynkE(y01y02y0k)(x01x02x0m)-(12n)x11x12x1mx21x22x2mwxn1xn2xnmE0(12n)E0,n;3ER.,m=3,k=1,n=569.3ER(1),ER,2.1982ER(013306),1987ER(011545).,ER,4185%5291;12,5312,-5179%;41ER1112%.22,1.,4,:5556()161(19811994)Fig11TherelationshipoftheaverageefficiencyratiosovertimeinHongKongpsconstructionindustry(19811994),,801992,19881992.14,1112%.2ER.:,.4411,(K/L),,KL.,19811994,,[4]..,,,,[8],,,,.,.412,,(Size),,,L.[4],;,[9,10].,,,,,,.,,.,,,.4,:57413,(Pfsc),.[4,5].,,.,,,,.,.,,,,.414,(Pm),,M/Q.,,.,20%,,,,.,,.415(T),,.5,ER,.:ER=a1+14i=2aiT80+i+a15K/L+a16Size+a17Size2+a18Pfsc+a19Pm(2),T,;a1a19.569,,3.DW2,.Pfsca185%,1%,.K/L,,411.Size,Size2,,,412.,(2).9(ER)9(Size)=0(3)Size0=-a162a17(4)3(4),247.Pfsc,;Pm,.413414.,58()16,,ER(1981).,1987198819931994,1,415.DEA19811994.,,1112%,8019921994.,,,.,,,,.3(569)Table3Theregressionresults(basedonthe569data)Ta1=0155693316101T82a2=0115483351146T83a3=0110793331591T84a4=0111003331651T85a5=0112633341183T86a6=0116273351371T87a7=0118023351931T88a8=0120083361528T89a9=0116463351381T90a10=0112923341267T91a11=0114873341862T92a12=0115123341898T93a13=0122583371157T94a14=0122333371029K/La15=-01026433-51978Sizea16=1118E-033351192Size2a17=-2139E-0633-31491Pfsca18=-0108243-21306Pma19=-01240033-31700R:012309,DW:210240,331%,35%:,,.[1]WalkerA,ChauKW,LawrenceLWC.HongKonginChina:RealEstateintheEconomy[M].BrookeHillierParker,1995.[2]ChauKW,WalkerA.TheMeasurementofTotalFactorProductivityoftheHongkongConstructionIndustry[A].ConstrutionManagementandEconomics[J],1988,6(3)209224.[3]ChauKW.OntheEstimationofthepriceTrendandOutputGrowthRateoftheHongKongConstructionIndustry[A].JournalofRealEstate&Construction[J],1990,11(1)4659.[4]ChauKW,WalkerA.AnAnalysisofFactorsDeterminingProjectLevelLabourProductivityofConstructionProjectsin4,:59HongKong[A].ProceedingsoftheCIOBInternationalConferenceontheChangingRolesofContractorsinASIapa2CIFICRim,1994,133144.[5]ChauKW,LaiLWC,WongKC.WillLabourOnlySubcontractingLeadtoExploitationandInefficiency?[A].ProceedingsoftheCIOBInternationalConferceontheChangingRolesofContractorsinAsiaPacificRim,1994,171182.[6]CharnesA,CooperWW,LewinAY,etat.DataEnvelopmentAnalysis:Theory,MethodologyandApplication[M].Boston:KluwerAcademicPublisher,1994.[7]WangYousong.AnAnalysisoftheTechnicalEfficiencyinHongKongpsConstructionIndustry[C].PhDdissertation,TheUniversityofHongKong,1998.[8]PoeCD,DillonGJ,DayK.ReplacingFixedAssetsintheConstructionIndustry[A].ManagementAccounting[J],1988,170(2)3943.[9]FeigerGM.ManagingtheNewGlobalEnterprise[M].McKinseyQuarterly,1988.2538.[10]McClenahenJS.ClosertoBoomthanBust(USConstructionIndustry)[A].IndustryWeek[J],1997,1246(11)173176.ResearchontheProductionEfficiencyandtheAffectingFactorsintheConstructionIndustryofHongKongWANGYou2songandZOUGuang2rongDepartmentofRealEstateandConstructionUniversityofHongKongHongKongP1R1ChinaAbstractThispaperhasevaluatedtheproductioneffciencyinHongKongpsConstructionIndustryduringtheperiodof1981to1994usinganonparametricapproach,DataEnvelopmentAnalysis(DEA).There2sultsindicatesthattheaverageproductionefficiencyhasbeenincreasedatanannualgrowthrateof1112%,althoughtherearesomefluctuations.Thefactorsaffectingtheproductionefficiencyhasalsobeenanalyzed.Capitalintensivefirmstendtohavealowerproductionefficiencyduetothehighlevelofidlecapacityassociatedwiththesefirms.Largerfirmsaretechnologicallymoreadvancedandthereforehaveahighdegreeofefficiency.However,scaleeconomyisexhausteduptoacertainsize.Constructionfirmsthatsubcontractalargershareoftheirworktosubcontractorstendtohavealowerleveloftheeffi2ciency,whilefirmsthatusealowerproportionofmaterialinputtendtohaveahighleveloftheefficien2cy.AllthehypothesesdevelopedinthispaperareconsistentwithempiricalobservationsinHongKongandareingeneralagreementwithresultsofotherrelevantstudies.KeywordsHongKong;constructionindustry;productionefficiency;dataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA);scaleofeconomy60()16