操作系统单词中英文对照表

英文中文对照Peer-to-peerP2p模式interprocesscommunication进程间通信SensorNetworks传感器网络systeminstructions系统指令complexity复杂度Asynchrony异步方式Identifier标识符Definition定义Programcounter程序计数器OperatingSystems操作系统Main-MemoryManagement主存储器管理Contextdata上下文数据kernel内核FileManagement文件管理Dispatcher调度器Distributed分布式的I/OSystemmanagementI/O系统管理Spawnedbyexistingprocess由现有进程催生（或生成）UbiquitousNetworking无处不在的网络Secondary-StorageManagement二级存储器管理processspawning进程催生Scalability可扩展性processsynchronization进程同步secondarymemory辅助存储器Concurrency并行mechanism机制Protectionattributes保护属性Transparency透明度ApplicationProgramInterface(API)应用程序接口Numericidentifiers数字标识符Performancetuning性能调优Microkernel微内核Programstatusword程序状态字Processmanagement进程管理Maintenance维护ProcessControlBlock（PCB)进程控制块scheduling调度Kernel-basedsystems基于内核的系统linkages连接synchronization同步Embeddedsystems嵌入式系统processabstraction进程抽象化Bottlenecks瓶颈virtualmachine虚拟机zombie僵死Multithreading多线程PrivilegedMode特权模式interface接口Object-oriented面向对象的Trap自陷Access访问，存取Symmetricmultiprocessing对称多处理器ProcessImage进程镜像Errordetection错误检测Monolithickernel单一内核ModeSwitch模式切换Monitorperformance监视性能processors处理器Swapping交换Job作业flexibility灵活性idle空闲的microprocessors微处理器SymmetricMultiprocessing对称多处理Multiprogramming多道程序virtualmemory虚拟内存Thread线程Timesharingsystems分时系统subsystem子系统Microkernel微内核Preemptivescheduling抢占式调度Resourceownership资源所有关系（所有权）Prioritizedscheduling基于优先级调度Process进程Multithreading多线程化Multitasking多任务Execution执行，运行Spawn催生，生成Multiprocessing多进程Interleave交替，交错RPC（RemoteProcedureCall）远程过程调用Middleware中间件processorutilization处理器利用率Bulkofscheduling批量调度13254parallelism平行，并行Multilevelfeedbackqueues多级反馈队列snapshot快照SymmetricMultiProcessors(SMPs)对称多处理器Aging老化9Clusters集群Time-sharing分时Multiprocessor多处理器Synchronization同步Real-time实时Real-TimeScheduling实时调度Simultaneousconcurrentprocessesorthreads同时并发进程或线程ExponentialAveraging平均指数Classifications分类modularity模块化FairShareScheduling公平份额调度Granularity粒度externalsubsystems外部子系统Predictability可预测性Medium-GrainedParallelism中等粒度并行性ObjectOrientedOperatingSystems面向对象的操作系统ResidenceTime停留时间，占用时间Coarse-Grained粗粒度并行性virtualpage虚拟页Fine-GrainedParallelism细粒度并行性physicalpage物理页MutualExclusion互斥interrelated相关的mechanisms机制Semaphores信号量Assignment分配SoftAffinity软黏合Monitors监视器Permanently永久地HardAffinity硬黏合racecondition竞争状态，竞争情形Master/SlaveArchitecture主从架构LightWeightProcess（LWP）轻量级进程Atomicoperation原子操作Peerarchitecture对等架构Signalmask信号掩码Criticalsection临界区ThreadScheduling线程调度Embeddedsystems嵌入式系统Deadlock死锁Dynamicscheduling动态调度Livelock活锁mutualexclusion互斥Throughput吞吐量PriorityInversion优先级反转Preemptivethreads抢占式线程overhead开销atomicoperation原子操作Determinism确定性Short-termScheduling短期调度primitives基元，元函数semaphores信号量Medium-termScheduling中期调度rendezvous汇合点，集结地Staticpriority-drivenpreemptive静态优先级驱动的抢占Long-TermScheduling长期调度mailbox邮箱PriorityInheritance优先级继承CPUscheduler处理器调度器adaptivemutexes自适应互斥Looselycoupledprocessors松耦合处理器Turnaroundtime周转时间turnstiles十字转门Tightlycoupledmultiprocessing紧耦合多处理器Nonpreemptive非抢占式，非剥夺式spinlock自旋锁Convoyeffect车队效应(先到先服务)8Preemptive抢占式，剥夺式Preemptable抢占Timeslice时间片Non-preemptable非抢占Starvation饥饿Rollback回滚PriorityScheduling优先级调度checkpointing检查点67英文中文Access访问，存取adaptivemutexes自适应互斥Aging老化ApplicationProgramInterface(API)应用程序接口Assignment分配Asynchrony异步方式Atomicoperation原子操作Bottlenecks瓶颈Bulkofscheduling批量调度checkpointing检查点Classifications分类Clusters集群Coarse-Grained粗粒度并行性complexity复杂度Concurrency并行Contextdata上下文数据Convoyeffect车队效应(先到先服务)CPUscheduler处理器调度器Criticalsection临界区Deadlock死锁Definition定义Determinism确定性Dispatcher调度器Distributed分布式的Dynamicscheduling动态调度Embeddedsystems嵌入式系统Errordetection错误检测Execution执行，运行ExponentialAveraging平均指数externalsubsystems外部子系统FairShareScheduling公平份额调度FileManagement文件管理Fine-GrainedParallelism细粒度并行性flexibility灵活性Granularity粒度HardAffinity硬黏合I/OSystemmanagementI/O系统管理Identifier标识符idle空闲的interface接口Interleave交替，交错interprocesscommunication进程间通信interrelated相关的Job作业kernel内核Kernel-basedsystems基于内核的系统LightWeightProcess（LWP）轻量级进程linkages连接Livelock活锁Long-TermScheduling长期调度Looselycoupledprocessors松耦合处理器mailbox邮箱3英文中文Main-MemoryManagement主存储器管理Maintenance维护Master/SlaveArchitecture主从架构mechanisms机制Medium-GrainedParallelism中等粒度并行性Medium-termScheduling中期调度Microkernel微内核microprocessors微处理器Middleware中间件ModeSwitch模式切换modularity模块化Monitorperformance监视性能Monitors监视器Monolithickernel单一内核Multilevelfeedbackqueues多级反馈队列Multiprocessing多进程Multiprocessor多处理器Multiprogramming多道程序Multitasking多任务Multithreading多线程Multithreading多线程化MutualExclusion互斥Nonpreemptive非抢占式，非剥夺式Numericidentifiers数字标识符ObjectOrientedOperatingSystems面向对象的操作系统Object-oriented面向对象的OperatingSystems操作系统overhead开销parallelism平行，并行Peerarchitecture对等架构Peer-to-peerP2p模式Performancetuning性能调优Permanently永久地physicalpage物理页Predictability可预测性Preemptable抢占Preemptive抢占式，剥夺式Preemptivescheduling抢占式调度Preemptivethreads抢占式线程primitives基元，元函数Prioritizedscheduling基于优先级调度PriorityInheritance优先级继承PriorityInversion优先级反转PriorityScheduling优先级调度PrivilegedMode特权模式Process进程processabstraction进程抽象化ProcessControlBlock（PCB)进程控制块ProcessImage进程镜像Processmanagement进程管理processspawning进程催生processsynchronization进程同步4英文中文processorutiliz