高考英语定语从句讲解(可用)

定语从句1.关系词：关系代词that，which，who，whom，as；关系形容词whose；副词when，where，why，that；whose引导定语从句，既可指人也可指物，“whose+名词”=“the名词+ofwhich”①.Isawaboy,andhewasmyfriend.→Isawaboy,andIdon’tlikehim.→Isawaboy,andhisnamewasJack.→Isawaboy,andthenameofhimwasJack.→Isawaboy,andIworkedinhisfather’sshop.→②.Iboughtabike,anditwasblack.→Iboughtabike___wasblack.Iboughtabike,anditscolorwasblack→Iboughtabike_____wasblack.Iboughtabike,andthecolorofitwasblack.→Iboughtabikethecolor_____wasblack.③.Ivisitedafarm,anditwasfarfromhere.→Ivisitedafarm,_____wasfarfromhere.Ivisitedafarm,andmyfatherworksinit.→Ivisitedafarm,____myfatherworks.Ivisitedafarm,andtheremyfatherworks.→Ivisitedafarm,_____myfatherworks.④.Iwillneverforgetthedays,andwespentthemtogetherinQingdao.→Iwillneverforgetthedays,_____wespenttogetherinQingdao.Iwillneverforgetthedays,andinthedaysweplayedtogetherinQingdao.→Iwillneverforgetthedays,_____weplayedtogetherinQingdao.Iwillneverforgetthedays,andthenweplayedtogetherinQingdao.→Iwillneverforgetthedays,_____weplayedtogetherinQingdao.2、关系词的基本用法①.在以下几种情况时，必须用that引导定语从句（1）先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,等时。AllthatIwanttosayisweshouldprotectthisriver.（2）当先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰时。Ihaverememberedallthenewwordsthatweshouldremembertoday.（3）当先行词被序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰时。ThemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveevereatenhereishamburgers.（4）当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。YouaretheonlypersonthatIwouldliketobelievein.（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。TheyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheymetinParis.（6）为了避免重复,如果句子中已经有了who时，要用that。Whoisthemanthatisstandingattheschoolgate?（7）theway作先行词时。Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/that/---hespeakstome.②只能用which不能用that引导的定语从句（1）关系代词前有介词．Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.（2）一个句子带有两个定语从句，且先行词均指物的情况下，其中一句关系词是that，另一句关系词须用which．Idon’tlikethebookthatyouboughtyesterdayandthepenwhichisbroken.（3）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which。③只能用who不能用that引导的定语从句。（１）先行词是one，ones，anyone和those时。（２）在therebe开头的句子中。（３）为了避免重复,一个句子带有两个定语从句，且先行词均指人的情况下，其中一个定语从句的关系代词时that，另一个须用who。3、同一个先行词因在从句中所做成分不同而所用引导词也发生变化。Thereasonheexplainedtouswasnotreasonable.Thatisthereasontheycannotsolvetheproblemeasily.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwespentourholidays?4.当先行词是point(地步)，case（场合）,situation（场合），stage(阶段)，degree（程度）等名词，若在定语从句中作地点状语往往用where引导定语从句。Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.Canyouthinkofanycases______youweremistaken?5、当先行词表示时间时的特殊结构表示时间的time做先行词时，在几种特殊的结构中有时不用任何引导词。Everytimehecamehere,healwaysbroughtsomeusefulthingstome.IstillrememberthefirsttimeIcametoyourtown.Bythetimeyoucameback,wehadbeenworkingfor10days.6、考察“介词＋关系代词”的用法Yesterdaywehadameetingwediscussedmanyproblems.Theoldmanhastwodaughters,botharedoctors.LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwerenovels.Thisisthestudenttofatheryoutookthemessageyesterday.7、分割式定语从句TherewasnobodyinthestreetIcouldturnforhelp.（注意：介词＋关系代词）TherewasnobodyinthestreetIcouldmakefriends.（注意：介词＋关系代词）Ioftenmettheboyinthestreetisalwayscrying.8、as与which引导定语从句时的区别（1）as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前，主句中，主句后。而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中。Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句，只指代主句所讲的事情，而which所引导的则既可以指代主句，也可以指代主句中的某个名词。TaiwanispartofChina,asisknowntoall.Hewaslateforclass,whichmademeveryangry.Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent,whichwasverybeautiful.（3）as有“正如”之意，后边的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等；(4)as在限制性定语从句中常用于某些固定搭配中，如such…as,as…as,thesame…as等。9、thesame….as和thesame….that的区别Thisisthesamepenhebought.Ihavenevermetthesamepersonyoumetyesterday.10、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句作用不同，引导词不同。注意：不能用that和why，该用why时应用forwhich来代替。11、引导词的省略12、强调句型和定语从句的区别Tomboughtabikeintheshoplastweekforhisfather.(强调各成分)Itwas1997_____shewasborn.Itwasin1997___shewasborn.Thisistheroom____shelives.Itisintheroom____shelives.Itwasinthehousehelivesnowhewasborn20yearsago.IsittheboyhaslonghairoftenhelpyouwithyourEnglish?Isthisbookcostyou20yuan?Isthisthebookcostyou20yuan?Isthisbooktheonecostyou20yuan?13、同位语从句与定语从句的区别Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaydelightedallofus.Thenewsthatwewonthegameyesterdaydelightedallofus.Idon’tbelievethestorythatIreadinthebook.Idon’tbelievethestorythattheoldmanpickeduponemillionyuan.