中国文化英文介绍

欢迎共阅ConfuciusConfuciusnamedQiustyledZhongni,agreatthinkerandeducatorinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod,andthefounderofConfucianism.Confuciusinstructedmorethan3000disciplesandsomewerefrompoorfamilies.Confuciusgraduallychangedthetraditionthatonlynobilitieshadtherighttoreceiveeducation.Inhislateryears,Confuciuscompiledmanyliteraryworksofancienttimes,includingTheBookofSongs,TheBookofDocuments,andTheBooksofChanges.HissayingandbehaviorswerecompiledinTheAnalectsofConfuciusbyhisdisciples.HisideologyhasbeenabsorbedandcarriedcomposingtheessentialpartofChinesetraditionalideology.ItwasalsospreadintotheborderregionsandareasbuildingupacircleofConfucianism.UNESCOlabeledhimoneofthe“TenCultureCelebrities”.孔子孔子名丘字仲尼，春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创史人。孔子一共教授了三千多个学生，其中不乏贫困家庭的孩子，改变了只有贵族子女才有资格上学的传统。孔子晚年还编订上古书籍，《诗经》《尚书》《周易》等。孔子的言行被他的弟子们收集在《论语》中，他的思想也被后人吸收和发扬光大，成为中国传统思想最主要的组成部分，并逐渐传播到周边国家，形成了影响范围很广的儒家文化圈。联合国教科文组织曾将孔子列入世界十大文化名人之一。BeijingOperaBeijingOperaisthemostpopularandinfluentialoperainChinawithahistoryofalmost欢迎共阅200years.IndevelopmentBeijingOperahasformedanumberoffictitiousprops.Forinstanceapedalmeansaboat.Withoutanyphysicalpropsinvolved,anactormayperformgoingupstairsordownstairsopeningorclosingadoorbymeregestures.Thoughexaggeratedthoseactionswouldgiveaudienceanimpressionwithgracefulmovements.Therearefourmainrolesshengdanjingandchou.Ashengordanhastheeyebrowspaintedandeyescircled.Ajingandchouhavetheirfacialmakeup,forexample,aredfacedepictstheloyaltyandbraveryandawhitefacesymbolizestreacheryandguile.京剧京剧是中国流行的最广泛影响最大的一个剧种，拥有两百多年的历史。在长期的发展过程中，京剧形成了一套虚拟表演动作，如一条桨就可以代表一只船。不需要任何的道具，演员就能表现出上楼、下楼，开门、关门等动作，虽然经赤了夸张但这些动作能给观众既真实又优美的感觉。京剧演员分生、旦、净、丑四个行当，生和旦的化痕迹要描眉、吊眉、画眼圈，净丑面部需要化妆，比如，红脸表示忠诚勇猛，白脸表示奸险。Paper-CutsChinesepaper-cutsareprettyandexquisitewithauniqueorientalstyle.Theymakeviewerstofeeltherealdailylifeandafestiveatmosphere.Themakingofpaper-cutsisapopularfolkartofmorethan2000yearsinChina.Theyaremostlycreatedbywomeninruralareas.Thedesignsarefowlsdomesticanimalscrops,episodesfromoperasauspicioussymbolsandsoon.UsedontheChineselunarNewYearorotherfestivals,theyadddelightandfestivitytothelifeoftheordinarypeople.Paper-cutsfallintotwo欢迎共阅categories,simpleandnaturalsingle-coloredones,andgorgeousandcolorfulones.Thefamousonesarewindow-panesfromShanxi,figurinesoflocaloperasfromWeixianHebei,andembroiderycopiesinethnicminoritiesinsouthernChina.Chinesepaper-cuthasbeenlistedasoneoftheworld’sculturalheritagesbyUNESCO.剪纸中国的剪纸美丽精巧，带有独特的东方神韵。她们使人感到浓浓的生活气息和欢乐的喜庆的气氛。剪纸艺术大约有2000多年的历史，是中国民间十分常见的工艺品。她们大多出自农村妇女之手，图案有家禽、家畜、农作物、花鸟、娃娃、戏曲故事、吉祥图案等，常常在过年过节和喜庆吉日时使用。鲜艳美丽的剪纸给中国普通百姓的生活带来了欢乐和喜气。剪纸分单色和彩色两种，单色朴素大方，彩色的绚丽多彩。比较有名的剪纸有陕西的窗花，河北蔚县的戏曲人物，以及南方少数民族的绣花底样等。中国剪纸己被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产，Cheong-samLongGownandMandarinJacketOriginatedinManchufemale’sdressintheQingDynasty,Cheong-samisregardedasthemodelofChinesetraditionaldressingculture.ItaccordswiththeharmonyofChinesecultureinstyleandshowsrichorientalfeatureintechniques.Itgivesprominencetoalady’sslenderfigureandheightensthegravitycenterofhumanbodytogetherwithhigh-heelshoes.Civilityeleganceanddignitycanbefullydisplayed.Ithasdevelopeditsownlong-lastingtrend.AsforthetraditionalclothesofChinesemen,thelonggownandmandarinjacketare欢迎共阅typical.AsthedressofManchumenbothhaveround-necksandnarrowsleeves.Themandarinjackethasbuttonsdownthefront,mostlywithsleeveslikeahorse‘shoof.Thefrontoflonggownsisbasicallylarge.Thelonggownandmandarinjacketgivetheimpressionofcomfortablenessandeaseaswellassobriety.旗袍和长袍马褂源自清代满族女性服饰，旗袍被誉为中国传统服饰文化的典范。它造型风格方面，符合中国文化和谐的特点，它在装饰手法方面也展现着浓厚的东方特质。另外，穿旗袍可以突出形体的修长感，配上中高跟鞋，更可以抬升人体的重心，将东方女性的端庄，典雅和含蓄的美展露出来，因此旗袍在中国民族服装中独领风骚，久盛而不衰。中国男子的传统服饰比较有代表性的为长袍马褂。长袍马褂是满族男子的服装，盘领、窄袖，马褂是对襟，大多有马蹄袖。长袍为大襟，长袍马褂给人的感觉是既不乏庄重，又显得洒脱和舒适。TheSpringFestivalThefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthistheNewYear’sDayintheChineselunarcalendar.TheChinesehavemanytraditionalcustomsrelatingtothefestival,familiesundertakeathoroughcleaning,dotheSpringFestivalshopping,createpaper-cutsforwindowdecoration,putupNewYearpictures,writeSpringFestivalcoupletsandmakeNewYearcakes,tobidfarewelltotheoldandusherinthenew.ThenightbeforethefestivalistheNewYear’sEve.ItisthetimeforahappyfamilyreuniontohaveasumptuousNewYear’sEvedinner.Peopletalkandlaughuntildaybreak,whichiscalled“stayinguptoseetheyearout”.Whenthebelltollsmidnight,peopleeatdumplings.Fromthefirstdayofthe欢迎共阅lunaryear,peoplevisitrelativesandfriendstogreeteachother.Settingofffirecrackersisafavoriteactivityofchildreninthefestival.Thesoundoffirecrackerscanbeheardeverywhere,addingtotherejoicingatmosphere.FromtheChineseallovertheworld,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantday.春节春节是农历的正月初一，是中国的农历新年。中国人过春节有许多传统习俗，家家户户要大扫除，买年货，贴窗花，挂年画，写春联，蒸年羔，准备辞旧迎新。春节的前夜叫“除夕”。除夕之夜是家人团聚的时候，一家人吃一顿丰盛的年夜饭，说说笑笑直到天亮，这叫守岁。除夕零点的钟声一响，人们还要吃饺子。过了除夕就是大年初一，人们要相互拜年，说一些祝愿幸福，健康的吉祥话。放爆竹是春节期间孩子们最喜欢的活动，阵阵烟花，声声爆竹，给节日增添了喜庆的气氛，在中国和世界各地华夏子孙心中，春节是最重要的一天。TheLanternFestivalThe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthisthetraditionalLanternFestivalofChina.TheChinesepeoplehavethecustomofenjoyinglanternsandeatingglutinousricedumplings.Thereisacommonsayingthat“PlayingontheLanternFestival”.ThecustomstartedintheHanD