现在完成时讲解及练习(已用)

现在完成时一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词（done）二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Ihavespentallofmymoney.（含义是:现在我没有钱花了.）Theyhavecomehere.（含义：他们现在在这儿）（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for和since连用①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从⋯⋯以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）⑤Itis+时段+since+从句（过去时）Maryhasbeenillfor3days.（since3daysago）Ihavebeenintheuniversitysince2002.四．hasgone（to）,hasbeen（to）,hasbeen（in）的区别Have/Hasgone（to）:去了（现在不在说话现场）Whereisyourfather？HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen（to）:去过（已不在去过的地方）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.五．现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义是过去已经完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:★以already,just和yet为标志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。★以ever和never为标志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从没有到过北京。★以动作发生的次数为标志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。★以sofar（到目前为止）为标志Hehasfinishedallofhisworksofar.到目前为止他完成了所有的工作注意：1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago2）不能与when连用六．过去分词1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e结”尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2、不规则动词：·AAA型bursthurtletcastcuthitputsetshutspreadread原形发音为/ri:d/过去式，过去分词发音为/red/·AAB型beatbeatbeaten·ABA型becomebecamebecomerunranrun七．瞬间动词变延续性动词★1.have代替buyMybrotherhashadthisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekeptthebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacold★5、用wear代替putoncomecamecome·ABB型buildbuiltbuiltcatchcaughtcaughtfeelfeltfelt·ABC型beginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosen(buy,die,join,come，go,leave,joinbuy--------haveborrow------keepcome/arrive/reach/getto-----------beingooutbeoutleavebeaway不能直接与forsince连用。要改变动词begin----beonfinishbeoveropenbeopenclose------becloseddie---bedeadTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★6、用be+⋯代替终止性动词·用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词用“be＋副词”代终止性动词3“be＋back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等·用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy举例：常用瞬间动词变延续性动词1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.→havebeenin//oantsw2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout4.havebecome→havebeen5.havegotup→havebeenup；6.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep；7.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover；8.havebegun→havebeenon9.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had10.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin1、2、3、be＋married代marrybe＋ill代fall(get)illbe＋dead代die6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open8、beclosed代close/shut4、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wakeup9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up代getup现在完成时练习（一）A)选用have,has填空:1.I______toldhimthenews.2.She_______comebackfromschool.B）按要求改写下列各句:4.Theyhaveboughtacomputer.（改成否定句）5.Hehaslosthisbook.（先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答）C)单项选择6.-Wherehaveyou___,Kate?-I've_____tothebank.A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone7.Hergrandfather____fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendied8.It'ssixweeks____Imetyoulast.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for9.TomandJackhavearrivedatWestHillFarmalready.A.havegotB.havegonetoC.havebeentoD.havereached现在完成时练习(二)一、单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohimＡ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_____beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi____？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter___onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry_____alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_____.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan___already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We____XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When___there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—____you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather_____thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou_here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、It____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.Was二、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,__________________?（反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.（对划线部分提问）＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman＿＿＿＿lastyear.He＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿forayear.（die）（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.（同义句转换）Thisfactoryfortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.（同义句转换）MissGao_______________________anhour