沪教版八年级下册初二(下)第三单元Unit3单词知识点语法讲解练习测试

1词形词性音标中文意思descriptionn.[dɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n]说明；形容describev.[dɪ'skraɪb]描述；形容fishermann.['fɪʃəmən]渔民netn.[net]网althoughconj.[ɔːl'ðəʊ]虽然；尽管fitadj.[fɪt]健壮的；健康的cormorantn.['kɔːm(ə)r(ə)nt]鸬鹚divev.[daɪv]下潜readyadj.['redɪ]准备好reachv.[riːtʃ]到达；抵达attractv.[ə'trækt]吸引；使喜爱hangv.[hæŋ](hung;hung)悬挂；吊Unit3Traditionalskills2postn.[pəʊst]柱；杆；桩requirev.[rɪ'kwaɪə]需要；依靠practisev.['præktɪs]从事tooln.[tuːl]用具；器具scissorsn.['sɪzəz][pl.]剪刀patternn.['pæt(ə)n]图案healthn.[helθ]健康charactern.['kærəktə]文字；符号人物；角色luckn.[lʌk]幸运weddingn.['wedɪŋ]婚礼；结婚典礼doughn.[dəʊ]生面团roughadj.[rʌf]粗糙的sizen.[saɪz]大小simpleadj.['sɪmp(ə)l]简单的lovelyadj.['lʌvlɪ]有吸引力的；迷人的3papercutting剪纸upto到达(某数量/程度)至多有setoff出发；动身upanddown起伏；上下波动afterdark天黑后；黄昏后nomore不再；再也不allthetime(在某段时间内)一直；总是练习：1.Thecatisgoodatcatchingthemouse.A.isfriendlytoB.ispopularwithC.doeswellinD.doesweakat2.Jacksoncandresshimselfthoughheisfouryearsold.A.thusB.howeverC.forD.although3.Ireachtheairportateightthismorning.A.arrivedinB.arrivedatC.gotD.arrive4.Kimisinterestedincookingdeliciousfood.A.iskeenonB.isbadforC.isfamousforD.isgoodat5.Nonetsarerequiredforthistypeoffishing.A.kindB.topC.wayD.shape6.-----DoyouknowLinda?-----Yes.Sheis______honestgirl.Andnowshestudiedin______university.A.a;aB.an;theC.the;theD.an;a7.-----Didyoubuythemilk?-----No,theshopwereclosed_____Ididn’tgetanymilk.A.soB.asC.orD.but8.----Whenwereyougoingto______forShanghai?-----Tomorrowafternoon.A.getoffB.turnoffC.takeoffD.setoff9.----Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme____mycar?4-----Sure.Parkitrighthere.I’llhelpyou.A.howtostopB.wheretoparkC.wheretostopD.whentopark10.--WhatdoyouknowaboutMrSmith?--Heisn’tgood______playingfootballbutheenjoys______footballmatches.A.in;seeingB.at;watchingC.of;tolookD.at;towatch11.-----Whatlanguages______inthatcountry?-----GermanandEnglish.A.arespeakingB.arespokenC.speakD.isspoken12.----Doyouhavesomethingtoeat?-----Whataboutsome______.A.waterB.orangeC.fishD.tea13.-----Paperismade______wood.-----Andbooksaremade______paper.A.from;fromB.from;ofC.of;fromD.of;of14.-----Thegirlcancook______sheisonlyeight.-----Wow,whataclevergirl!A.ifB.becauseC.althoughD.since15.-----Manytrees______onthestreetseveryyear.-----Right.That’swhytheairisveryfreshnow.A.plantB.areplantedC.plantedD.wereplanted16.-----Areyouready______theexam?-----Yes,Iam.A.toB.ofC.forD.in17.-----Whatabeautifulplace!-----Yeah.Wordscan’t______thebeautyofthenature.A.sayB.speakC.describeD.tell18.-----Weuseourears______.Don’tyouthinkso?-----Yes,Ithinkso.A.hearB.tohearC.hearsD.hearing519.-----Tomdoesexercisetokeep______.-----Well,weshouldlearnfromhim.A.happyB.fitC.healthD.sad20.--Whydidn’tshedecidetogotothecinemawithus?--Becauseshedidn’tknow____theticketstowatchthefilm.A.whetherhewillbeB.ifwouldhebeB.whethershewouldgetD.whenhewouldbe被动语态语法讲解①英语语态分类：英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.()Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.()②被动语态结构：be+done()③被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化：主要体现在be的变化上，动词的过去分词不变。列表如下：一般现在时：+done一般过去时：+done一般将来时：+done现在完成时：+done③主动语态→被动语态：1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceinthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Weenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.62.一般过去时：(1)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessons3.一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Cars.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobs.4.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ithesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhere.④含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanylettershim.⑤被动语态的使用：1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecup（break）afterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.7☆辨析：bemadeof&bemadefrom：⑥主动语态变被动语态的方法：1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。(1)Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语→Itoherdinnerparty.(2)Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.主语谓语宾语→intheschool.⑦语态转换时需要注意的问题：1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputer.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多.V+sbsth=sbbeV-edsthMyunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Ionmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentmeonmybirthday.☆注意：81.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebooktheclass.(show)(2)Mybikeher.(lend)2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtme.(make)(2)Themeatus.(cook)(3)Somecountrymusicus.(play)被动语态专项练习一、选择题。（2×15=30分）()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesout