高中英语主谓一致.ppt

高中语法：主谓一致agreementUsefulstructures所谓主谓一致(agreement)是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:BobBob_____aworker.isMikeMikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeitherofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则are(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。isis2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.I,whoamyourfriend,willcertainlyhelpyou.4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化,即从前一致的原则。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。1.either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.三、意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。areisNoneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。isare2.therestof;halfof;partof;themajority/minorityof;…percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.（have)Halfoftheapple____bad.(be)About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.(be)haveisare3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。isare(be)4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。7.某些名词以s结尾表示学科、机构等如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations等，谓语动词应用单数。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.Nonewsisgoodnews.8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.听不到任何声音。9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works（工厂））,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.Notallmeansareuseful.•Alargesteelworkswasbuilthereinthethirties.•Anumberofsteelworkswerebuilthereinthethirties.11.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。Manyaboyhasseenit.许多孩子都看到了。Morethanonecarwasdamagedintheaccident.Oneandahalfcakewaseatenbytheboy.12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.500dollarsisquitealargesumofmoneyforthepoorman.1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;2.短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind谓语用复数3.allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.应该注意的几个问题:4.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.5.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词。例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.6.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词根据修饰的名词而定。Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.7.alargeamountof+修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:Alargeamountofdamagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.8.如果主语由“the+形容词(或分词)”结构担任时指某一类人时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed,theliving等;例如：Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thericharenotalwayshappy.Theinjuredwererushedtohospital.主谓一致与高考1.语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要考虑主谓一致。2.短文改错中也常有主谓一致错误。3.写作中要注意谓语动词的单复数，考虑主谓一致。1.Eitheryouortheheadmaster__(be)tohandouttheprizestothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.谓语与theheadmaster一致，故be用第三人称单数is,“be+todo”表